“… 48 However, only a few studies support this perspective. While previous studies have already demonstrated the direct effects of GM crops on the growth potential of herbivorous insects, 37 , 49 , 50 our study focused on examining the effects of applying GM on the development, survival, and fecundity of herbivorous insects feeding on subsequent crops. In the present study, GM application had a significant effect on the performance of FAWs fed on subsequent maize crops.…”