Green Jobs and Renewable Electricity Policies: Employment Impacts of Ontario's Feed-in Tariff

Böhringer, Christoph; Rivers, Nicholas; Rutherford, Thomas F.; Wigle, Randall

doi:10.1515/1935-1682.3217

Cited by 31 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…This fixed factor reflects the capacity restrictions of each generation technology [36][37][38][39] and is combined with other inputs consisting of intermediate composites and labor inputs to produce electricity. The substitution elasticities of σ within the CES production structure are calibrated consistently with exogenously-given supply elasticities of each generation technology [40,41]. Supply elasticity can represent how flexibly each technology can change its generation capacity in response to demand.…”

Section: Modeling the Electricity Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency versus Equality: Comparing Design Options for Indirect Emissions Accounting in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme

Yeo

Lee

2015

Sustainability

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Abstract:The Korean emissions trading scheme (ETS) has one special characteristic that makes it different from other schemes, such as the EU ETS. While the other schemes consider only direct emissions from fossil fuels, the Korean ETS also regulates indirect emissions arising from the consumption of electricity. The problem of double counting arises under this setting, in which emissions from the power sector can be accounted for twice, when electricity is produced and consumed. This study aims to compare design options on indirect emissions accounting for the Korean ETS using a computable general equilibrium model. Four scenarios are generated for options accounting for direct and/or indirect emissions and are evaluated in terms of efficiency and equality. The result shows that the ETS operates most efficiently when only direct emissions are considered. However, the option that includes both direct and indirect emissions produces a competent result in terms of equality by spreading the economic burden of emissions reduction among industries. We conclude that this option can be an alternative to meet the key purposes of the Korean ETS.

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Section: Modeling the Electricity Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficiency versus Equality: Comparing Design Options for Indirect Emissions Accounting in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme

Yeo

Lee

2015

Sustainability

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“…The economy as a whole typically reacts quite sensibly to energy price increases by lowering output and thus laying off workers. Recent CGE studies show the overall employment effects triggered by the deployment of RES-E to be typically negative (Böhringer et al 2012, Böhringer et al 2013). …”

Section: Providing New Employment Opportunities and Creating Green Jomentioning

confidence: 99%

Green tradable certificates versus feed-in tariffs in the promotion of renewable energy shares

Requate

2014

Environ Econ Policy Stud

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. The paper analyzes the relationship between CO2 mitigation policy and promotion policies designed to deploy renewable energy sources for electricity production (RES-E). If an emission cap is the only policy target, an optimal mix consisting of high and low carbon use of fossil fuels, deployment of RES-E, and energy savings can best be achieved by either setting a uniform carbon tax or by implementing a cap-and-trade system covering all CO2 Terms of use: Documents in EconStor maysources. An additional RES-E share target causes higher costs in achieving the cap. Conversely, a more ambitious emission target automatically increases the RES-E share. In a second step we investigate different policies for inducing an RES-E quota. Such a quota can be efficiently achieved either by a system of tradable green certificates or by a budgetbalancing premium system. A budget-balancing FIT system, by contrast, is not efficient, since it generates excessive fiscal distortion. We also show that differentiated, technology-specific FITs are even more inefficient.JEL-Code: L380, L510, L940, Q280, Q420, Q550.Keywords: feed-in tariffs, tradable green certificates, premium systems, emission cap, cap and trade. IntroductionFor the period 2008-2012, Annex I countries that have ratified the Kyoto protocol are committed to an average reduction of their CO 2 emissions to 5.2% below the 1990 level.Broadly speaking, there are four ways of achieving this target: reducing the output of primary and secondary energy use and of other CO 2 -intensive products, enhancing energy efficiency (i.e. producing the same amount of output with less carbon input), substituting low-carbon fossil fuels (such as natural gas) for carbon-intensive fuels (like lignite and hard coal), and generally replacing fossil fuels by increasing the share of renewable energy sources (RES).An efficient mix of all these measures would be the optimal solution. To make the allocation of such CO 2 reduction efforts work, the marginal opportunity costs of all these measures have to be equal. Following this rule, CO 2 reductions will be maximal given a fixed amount of financial resources. To meet their joint target at the lowest possible cost, signatory countries could implement a rigorous cap-and-trade system (or charge a corresponding uniform carbon tax) covering all their CO 2 sources. If the whole world implemented a cap-and-trade system (or a uniform carbon tax) covering all sources of carbon, that of course would be bet...

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“…Additionally, to the extent that increased wind impacts the cost of energy, or has other macroeconomic effects, this too may affect employment in the broader economy. Studies that have evaluated the economy-wide net effects of renewable energy have shown differing results (e.g., Böhringer et al 2013;Böhringer et al 2012;Bowen et al 2013;Breitschopf et al 2011;Chien and Hu 2008;Frondel et al 2010;Hillebrand et al 2006;Lehr et al 2012;Lehr et al 2008;Marques and Fuinhas 2012;Menegaki 2011;Rivers 2013;Yi 2013). In general, however, there is little reason to believe that net impacts are likely to be sizable in either the positive or negative direction (e.g., Rivers 2013).…”

Section: Workforce and Economic Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term implications of sustained wind power growth in the United States: Potential benefits and secondary impacts

et al. 2016

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We model scenarios of the U.S. electric sector in which wind generation reaches 10% of end-use electricity demand in 2020, 20% in 2030, and 35% in 2050. As shown in a companion paper, achieving these penetration levels would have significant implications for the wind industry and the broader electric sector. Compared to a baseline that assumes no new wind deployment, under the primary scenario modeled, achieving these penetrations imposes an incremental cost to electricity consumers of less than 1% through 2030. These cost implications, however, should be balanced against the variety of environmental and social implications of such a scenario. Relative to a baseline that assumes no new wind deployment, our analysis shows that the high-penetration wind scenario yields potential greenhouse-gas benefits of $85-$1,230 billion in present-value terms, with a central estimate of $400 billion. Air-pollution-related health benefits are estimated at $52-$272 billion, while annual electricsector water withdrawals and consumption are lower by 15% and 23% in 2050, respectively. We also find that a high-wind-energy future would have implications for the diversity and risk of energy supply, local economic development, and land use and related local impacts on communities and ecosystems; however, these additional impacts may not greatly affect aggregate social welfare owing to their nature, in part, as resource transfers.

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Green Jobs and Renewable Electricity Policies: Employment Impacts of Ontario's Feed-in Tariff

Cited by 31 publications

References 3 publications

Efficiency versus Equality: Comparing Design Options for Indirect Emissions Accounting in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme

Efficiency versus Equality: Comparing Design Options for Indirect Emissions Accounting in the Korean Emissions Trading Scheme

Green tradable certificates versus feed-in tariffs in the promotion of renewable energy shares

Long-term implications of sustained wind power growth in the United States: Potential benefits and secondary impacts

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