Green Fabrication of Agglomeration-Reductive and Electrochemical-Active Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polymerized Proanthocyanidins Electrode for High-Performance Supercapacitor

Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) has been regarded as a promising electrode material for supercapacitors. However, its application has been restricted by the corrosive reducing agent, inevitable structure agglomeration, and limited electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) performance. Here, we develop a 3D redox-active rGO/polymerized proanthocyanidins hybrid for high-performance supercapacitance. Using a green and effective hydrothermal process, oligomeric procyanidins (OPCs) have acted as an eco-friendly reductant for GO reduction. It also worked as a polymeric proanthocyanidin (GSP) precursor for the enhancement of pseudocapacitance, where GSP acted as a spacer for inhibiting the agglomeration of rGO/GSP sheets and improving the total specific capacitance. As a result, the as-prepared rGO/GSP composites display a cooperative energy storage mechanism of an electrochemical double-layer capacitor (EDLC) and a pseudocapacitor, with an increased specific capacitance from 141 F g–1 at 2 A g–1 for the pure rGO to 402 F g–1 at 2 A g–1 for the rGO/GSP hybrids. Meanwhile, the rGO/GSP-based symmetrical supercapacitor provides a high specific capacitance of 185 F g–1 at 0.8 A g–1, an energy density of 25.8 Wh kg–1 at a power density of 0.8 kW kg–1, and a good cycling stability with 60.8% capacitance retention over 10000 cycles at 2 A g–1. Such an excellent electrochemical performance comes from the agglomeration reduction structure and synergistic effects between the highly conductive graphene and pseudocapacitive GSP.

Improved electrochemical performance of bio-derived plasticized starch/ reduced graphene oxide/ molybdenum disulfide ternary nanocomposite for flexible energy storage applications

“…The findings indicate that up to 10,000 cycles of operation, this electrode displays an increased electrical conductivity and demonstrates rapid electron-conducting capabilities at the interface. This reduction of internal resistance can be ascribed to the electrochemical stimulation of the active material, decreased aggregation of the active material throughout cycling, and an enhanced interface 68 . From Fig.…”

Laser‐Induced Electron Synchronization Excitation for Photochemical Synthesis and Patterning Graphene‐Based Electrode

“…[7][8][9] In recent times, a multitude of studies have focused on amalgamating pseudocapacitive materials with double-layer materials to fabricate composite electrodes, thereby realizing highperformance energy storage solutions. For instance, research endeavors involving the combination of graphene with metal oxides, [10][11][12] metal sulfides, [13,14] polymeric materials, [15,16] and more, to form composite electrode materials, have been continuously reported. Graphene, as an exceptional two-dimensional material, not only embodies the aforementioned advantages but also presents the potential for fabricating flexible energy storage devices due to its exceptional mechanical properties.…”