Green epoxy synthesized from Perilla frutescens: A study on epoxidation and oxirane cleavage kinetics of high-linolenic oil

Epoxidation Kinetics of High-Linolenic Triglyceride Catalyzed by Solid Acidic-Ion Exchange Resin

“…These activation energies were calculated for scenario S2, since this scenario is observed to be the most accurate predictor of epoxidation kinetics in this study (as explained earlier). As can be seen, barring the activation energy for oxirane cleavage at the 9 th and 12 th positions (k 3d ), all other activation energy values are positive and are in line with corresponding values for epoxidation of other vegetable oils 3 . In contrast, epoxy cleavage at the 9 th and 12 th positions exhibits a negative activation energy (−688.40 kJ/mol) - the mathematical result of decrease in rate constant (k 3d ) with increase in temperature.…”

“…of double bonds per mole of triglyceride) was calculated as ~7. Iodine value of perilla oil was experimentally determined to be 196.6 g/100 g of oil, (i.e., 0.775 mol/100 g of oil) 3 .…”

“…Unfortunately, these initiatives have consistently neglected the need to replace epichlorohydrin – a Class-1b carcinogen. This has resulted in triglycerides (such as vegetable oils) remaining the only source for obtaining sustainable non-toxic epoxies (i.e., epoxidized vegetable oils or EVOs) 2,3 till date. Regrettably, such epoxies are characterized by poor mechanical properties due to the presence of fewer chemically modifiable groups, resulting in lower crosslinking density 4 .…”

Catalytic developments in the epoxidation of vegetable oils and the analysis methods of epoxidized products

“…18 Vegetable oils including edible, non-edible, and waste cooking oils can be transformed into valuable epoxides by the conventional homogeneous system (current industrial process), in which peracids such as performic acid, peracetic acid, and perpropanoic acid are chosen as oxygen carriers in the presence of H 2 O 2 and inorganic acid catalysts (H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and HNO 3 ). [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] The degradation of oxirane ring as the undesirable side reaction caused by water, hydrogen peroxide, acetic acid, and peracetic acid was studied in detail for the liquid-liquid system. As a result, acid hydrolysis of epoxidized EVOs happens very slowly but degradation of the oxirane ring by H 2 O 2 in the presence of acid is fast.…”

Spectroscopic characterization and thermal behavior of baru nut and macaw palm vegetable oils and their epoxidized derivatives

“…In other words, BO-E has 5.98 g of epoxy oxygen atoms per 100 g of epoxidized oil. Dividing this value by 16 (the atomic mass of oxygen) makes it possible to obtain the molar quantity of oxygen as 0.37375 mol (Kousaalya et al, 2018), which is an important parameter to know in polymer chemistry. Different quantities of epoxide can provide different physical properties in the final polymer.…”