Green Energy—A Review of the Definitions and the Main Directions of Development

Bąk, Iwona; Cheba, Katarzyna

doi:10.1007/978-3-031-12531-7_1

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“… 17 , 18 On the other hand, the idea of a new composite material should also include the aspect of recycling, which not only could lead to the production of a new product but, above all, would reduce overexploited natural deposits/raw materials and generated garbage. This aspect was notably marked during the 1972 Stockholm Conference of the United Nations under the slogan ‘We only have one earth’, where the concept of environmental protection policy was emphasized 19 as a result of the development of civilization and, above all, growing consumerism. Nowadays, this topic is still relevant; therefore, incessant improvement in waste management procedures is vital.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape-Controlled Iron–Paraffin Composites as γ- and X-ray Shielding Materials Formable by Warmth-of-Hands-Derived Plasticity

Sobczak,

Truszkiewicz,

Korczeniewski

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Eng. Mater.

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The design of shielding materials against ionizing radiation while simultaneously displaying enhanced multifunctional characteristics remains challenging. Here, for the first time, we present moldable paraffin-based iron nano-and microcomposites attenuating γand X-radiation. The moldability was gained by the warmth-of-hands-driven plasticity, which allowed for obtaining a specific shape of the composites at room temperature. The manufactured composites contained iron particles of various sizes, ranging from 22 nm to 63 μm. The target materials were widely characterized using XRD, NMR, Raman, TGA, SEM, and EDX. In the case of microcomposites, the shielding properties were developed at two concentrations: 10 and 50 wt %. The statistically significant results indicate that the iron particle size has a negligible effect on the shielding properties of the nano-and microcomposites. On the other hand, the higher iron particle contents significantly affected the attenuating ability, which emerged even as superior to the elemental aluminum in the X-ray range: at a 70 kV anode voltage, the half value layer was 6.689, 1.882, and 0.462 cm for aluminum, paraffin + 10 wt % Fe 3.5−6.5 μm, and paraffin + 50 wt % Fe 3.5−6.5 μm microcomposites, respectively. Importantly, the elaborated methodology�in situ cross-verified in the hospital studies recording real-life sampling�opens the pathway to high-performance, eco-friendly, lightweight, and recyclable shields manufactured via fully reproducible and scalable protocols.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%