Green Diesel Production by Catalytic Hydrodeoxygenation of Vegetables Oils

Abstract

Non-renewable fossil fuels and the air pollution associated with their combustion have made it necessary to develop fuels that are environmentally friendly and produced from renewable sources. In addition, global warming and climate change have brought to the attention of many countries the need to develop programs and reforms, such as the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations and the European Green Deal, that finance and promote the conversion of all socio-economic activities in favor of sustainable and environmentally friendly development. These major projects include the development of non-polluting biofuels derived from renewable sources. Vegetable oils are a renewable source widely used to produce biofuels due to their high energy density and similar chemical composition to petroleum derivatives, making them the perfect feedstock for biofuel production. Green diesel and other hydrocarbon biofuels, obtained by the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oils, represent a sustainable alternative to mineral diesel, as they have physico-chemical properties similar to derived oil fuels. The catalyst, temperature, hydrogen pressure, and the type of vegetable oil can influence the type of biofuel obtained and its properties. The main aspects discussed in this review include the influence of the catalyst and reaction conditions on the catalytic deoxygenation reaction.

Enhancing the Hydrodeoxygenation and Isomerization using Re Nanoparticles Decorated on Ni/SAPO‐11 Catalysts for Direct Production of Low‐Cold Flow Diesel from Triglycerides

“…The cold flow properties of diesel can be determined by their cloud point (ASTM D2500), pour point (ASTM D97), and cold filter plugging point (CFPP, ASTM D6371) [10] . Therefore, to improve the cold flow properties, the combined hydro‐deoxygenation and isomerization process would be economically an interesting route to produce the mixed normal and iso‐alkanes in one step operation from triglycerides [3b,6c] …”

“…Vegetable oils, composed of triglycerides and fatty acids, [3b,4] can be transformed into the synthetic bio‐jet and diesel via different reaction pathways. The two‐steps hydro‐conversion processes including deoxygenation and isomerization reactions are the industrial and traditional routes to produce hydrocarbons fuels with excellent cold flow properties [2d,5] .…”

Selectivity of reaction pathways for green diesel production towards biojet fuel applications

“…Green diesel is the second generation of biofuel having the same structure as fossil fuels (alkanes) and has the ability to reduce greenhouse gas emission. 20 Green diesel increases the Green House Gas (GHG) saving up to 60% higher compared to the Renewable Energy Use Directive (RED) reduction target. This value has not been achieved by the first generation of biofuel.…”

Catalytic deoxygenation of palm oil over metal phosphides supported on palm fiber waste derived activated biochar for producing green diesel fuel

“…3,4 Conventionally, biodiesel, well-developed from trans -esterification of natural triglycerides including plant-based oils, animal fats, and algae oils into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs), has become the most popular transportation biofuel. However, the drawback of biodiesel is the oxygen content, which deteriorates the relative fuel properties, such as high viscosity, low freezing point, and low thermal stability, which ultimately causes serious problems in engine systems, such as blockage of the injector and fuel filter, carbon deposition on pistons, ring sticking, cylinder head, etc 4,5 . To overcome these gaps, several technologies for conversion of triglycerides to efficient quality diesel-like fuel, which meet to the petroleum diesel quality need to be investigate conscientiously.…”