Green Data Center Cooling: Achieving 90% Reduction: Airside Economization and Unique Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Weerts, Benjamin A.; Gallaher, D. W.; Weaver, R. L.; VanGeet, P E Otto

doi:10.1109/green.2012.6200950

Cited by 19 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Dunnavant [22] examined the applicability of an indirect air-side economizer assisted by a wet-or dry-coil indirect evaporative cooler and found that it yielded excellent performance in both server reliability and cooling energy savings. The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) [23,24] installed a system that uses both indirect and direct air-side economizers with indirect evaporative coolers at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) in Colorado. This system was found to reduce energy consumption by 75% in the summer and 90% in the winter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

Ham

Kim

Choi³

et al. 2015

Applied Energy

114

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

Ham

Kim

Choi³

et al. 2015

Applied Energy

114

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“…Energy-efficiency in free-cooled datacenters. Researchers have studied free cooling and its impact on energy efficiency (e.g., [15,39]); programmatic control of it (e.g., [12,41]); techniques for temporal scheduling based on outside temperatures (e.g., [2,22,27]); and geographical load balancing based on outside temperatures (e.g., [23]). However, as mentioned above, none of these studies considered internal temperature variations, selecting setpoints based on predicted outside temperatures, or techniques for managing variations.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

CoolAir

Goiri

Nguyen

Bianchini

2015

Proceedings of the Twentieth International Conference on Architectural Support for Programming Languages and Operating Systems

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Despite its benefits, free cooling may expose servers to high absolute temperatures, wide temperature variations, and high humidity when datacenters are sited at certain locations. Prior research (in non-free-cooled datacenters) has shown that high temperatures and/or wide temporal temperature variations can harm hardware reliability.In this paper, we identify the runtime management strategies required to limit absolute temperatures, temperature variations, humidity, and cooling energy in free-cooled datacenters. As the basis for our study, we propose CoolAir, a system that embodies these strategies. Using CoolAir and a real freecooled datacenter prototype, we show that effective management requires cooling infrastructures that can act smoothly. In addition, we show that CoolAir can tightly manage temperature and significantly reduce temperature variation, often at a lower cooling cost than existing free-cooled datacenters. Perhaps most importantly, based on our results, we derive several principles and lessons that should guide the design of management systems for free-cooled datacenters of any size.

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“…In the context of OAC, recent groundbreaking work has focused either on the systems aspect of incorporating OAC into a modular data center [5] or on provisioning [20] and temperature management [7] within a single data center. Companies such as Facebook have begun to employ open air cooling in their data centers in recent years [26,30]. Similarly, while TES has long been used in building and industrial applications, its use in data centers has only gained recent recognition [29].…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

How to cool internet-scale distributed networks on the cheap

Gupta

Shenoy

Sitaraman

et al. 2016

Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Future Energy Systems

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Internet-scale Distributed Networks (IDNs) are large distributed systems that comprise hundreds of thousands of servers located in hundreds of data centers around the world. A canonical example of an IDN is a content delivery network (CDN) that delivers content to users from a large global deployment of servers around the world. IDNs consume significant amounts of energy to power their deployed server infrastructure, and nearly as much energy to cool that infrastructure. We study the potential benefits of using two new cooling technologies-open air cooling (OAC) and thermal energy storage (TES)-to reduce the energy usage as well as the operational and capital costs incurred by an IDN for cooling. We develop novel algorithms to incorporate both technologies into the IDN architecture and empirically evaluate their efficacy using extensive work load traces from Akamai's global CDN and global weather data from NOAA. Our results show that both technologies hold great promise for the future sustainability of Internet-scale distributed networks. Our algorithm for power management of TES is provably near-optimal, is the first to incorporate storage efficiency, and is broadly applicable to other storage devices such as batteries.

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Green Data Center Cooling: Achieving 90% Reduction: Airside Economization and Unique Indirect Evaporative Cooling

Cited by 19 publications

References 1 publication

Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

Energy saving potential of various air-side economizers in a modular data center

CoolAir

How to cool internet-scale distributed networks on the cheap

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