Green Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) with Wood Flour as Filler—Synthesis, Characterization and Aging Effect

Pączkowski, Przemysław; Puszka, Andrzej; Gawdzik, Barbara

doi:10.3390/polym12122966

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Even with the slightest addition of wood, they did not achieve hardness similar to that of the pure resin. Full widths at half-maximum for this series of composites became narrower [ 20 ]. Samples 5–7 were obtained by adding the colloidal solution of nanosilver into the resin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is an important parameter characterizing the surface optical properties of different materials. Gloss determination enables the evaluation of changes taking place on the surface of resins after aging [ 20 ]. Gloss is reduced when cracks and pitting appear due to the surface exposition to accelerated weathering conditions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A detailed description of the synthetic method and the curing procedure was described previously [ 20 ]. The wood flour (WF) or the extract of silver nanoparticles in the aqueous solution (AgNPs) was added to pre-accelerated resin with 1.1 wt% of Luperox and 0.25 wt% of 4% polymeric cobalt solution, while mixing.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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This paper presents the properties of the wood-resin composites. For improving their antibacterial character, silver nanoparticles were incorporated into their structures. The properties of the obtained materials were analyzed in vitro for their anti-biofilm potency in contact with aerobic Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis; and aerobic Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These pathogens are responsible for various infections, including those associated with healthcare. The effect of silver nanoparticles incorporation on mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss were investigated for the samples of composites before and after accelerating aging tests. The results show that bacteria can colonize in various wrinkles and cracks on the composites with wood flour but also the surface of the cross-linked unsaturated polyester resin. The addition of nanosilver causes the death of bacteria. It also positively influences mechanical and thermomechanical properties as well as gloss of the resin.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

et al. 2021

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“…The DMA plots show the highest value of tan δ for the sample without eco-filler. Measurements showed that the addition of filler reduces the damping capacity of energy during deformation [ 45 ]. The values of this parameter decrease with the increase in the percentage amount of eco-filler in the prepared compositions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Thermo-Mechanical Study of Epoxy Resin-Based Composites with Waste Fibers of Hemp as an Eco-Friendly Filler

et al. 2021

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The synthesis, thermal, and mechanical properties of epoxy resin composites incorporating waste fibers of hemp were studied. Five different systems with increasing quantity of the eco-filler were obtained. For the synthesis of polymeric materials, the commercial epoxy resins Epidian® 5 and triethylenetetramine (TETA) were applied as crosslinking agents. The composites were obtained based on the polyaddition reaction of an amine group with an epoxide ring. ATR/FT-IR (Attenuated Total Reflection-Fourier Transform Infrared) analysis was used to confirm the chemical structure of the composites and the course of curing processes. Moreover, the influence of the eco-friendly components on the mechanical properties was determined, while thermal properties of the materials were investigated by thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Dynamic mechanical studies (DMA) and Shore hardness tests of the obtained polymers were also carried out. The DSC curves and DMA analysis revealed that all materials were characterized by a similar glass transition range. Furthermore, the DMA and hardness measurements of the composites demonstrated an increasing elasticity with the increase in the amount of eco-filler present in the compositions.

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“…The chemistry of UPRs involves preparation of unsaturated polyesters (UPs) through a polycondensation process, where a dihydroxy compound (or a mixture of dihydroxy compounds) reacts with anhydrides or dicarboxylic acids [ 3 ]. The unsaturation of the polymer backbone allows curing of UPs with an unsaturated monomer via radical polymerization reactions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Reactive Diluent for Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Rheological and Thermomechanical Study

et al. 2021

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Nowadays, unsaturated polyester resins (UPR) are mainly obtained from non-renewable resources. The ever-increasing regulations and the continuous demand for more sustainability have led to extensive research towards more environmentally suitable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. However, one of the main disadvantages of bio-based UPR is their relatively high viscosity compared to petrochemical ones. In order to overcome this drawback, in this work, we investigated the possibility to lower the resin viscosity utilizing a mixture of dimethyl itaconate (DMI) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) as a reactive diluent. The effect of the DMI and MMA ratio on resin rheological properties was investigated. The optimal curing parameters were determined and all UPRs had a high gel content, which was shown to be dependent on the DMI and MMA ratio in the formulation. Furthermore, thermomechanical and mechanical properties of the resulting network were also found to be affected by the used reactive diluent mixture. A small substitution of DMI by MMA proved to be advantageous since it offers lower resin viscosity and improved mechanical properties.

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Green Composites Based on Unsaturated Polyester Resin from Recycled Poly(Ethylene Terephthalate) with Wood Flour as Filler—Synthesis, Characterization and Aging Effect

Cited by 21 publications

References 27 publications

Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

Synthesis, Characterization and Testing of Antimicrobial Activity of Composites of Unsaturated Polyester Resins with Wood Flour and Silver Nanoparticles

Synthesis and Thermo-Mechanical Study of Epoxy Resin-Based Composites with Waste Fibers of Hemp as an Eco-Friendly Filler

Optimization of Reactive Diluent for Bio-Based Unsaturated Polyester Resin: A Rheological and Thermomechanical Study

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