Green composites based on thermoplastic starch and rubber wood sawdust

Saetun, Varawuit; Chiachun, Chaliga; Riyajan, Sa‐Ad; Kaewtatip, Kaewta

doi:10.1002/pc.23669

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…According to apparent morphology of the WSD presented in Figure , the unclean surface of WSD (Figure A), which is common with raw natural WSD, is covered by hemicellulose, lignin, and extractive compounds such as wax substances, pectins, and natural oils. Oppositely, the surface of relatively cleaned WSD (washed with acid and base, Figure B) looks cleaner and smoother …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of thin‐film composite membranes in water desalination process by wood sawdust

Namaghi

Asl

Chenar

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this study, polysulfone/wood sawdust (PSf/WSD) mixed matrix membrane (MMM) was prepared as a novel substrate layer of thin‐film composite (TFC) membrane in water desalination. The main aim was to evaluate how different amounts of WSD (0‐5 wt%) and PSf concentrations (12‐16 wt%) in the porous substrate affect the properties of the final TFC membranes in the separation of organic and inorganic compounds. Morphological and wettability studies demonstrated that the addition of small amount of WSD (less than or equal to 1 wt%) in the casting solution resulted in more porous but similar hydrophobic substrates, while high loading (greater than or equal to 2 wt%) of WSD not only changed the substrate wettability and morphology but also increased and decreased the swelling and mechanical properties of substrate layer. Therefore, PA layer formed thereon displayed extensively varying film morphology, interfacial properties, and separation performance. Based on approximately stable permeate flux (ASPF) and apparent salt rejection efficiency (ASRE), the best TFC membrane was prepared over the substrate with 12 to 14 wt% of PSf and around 0.5 to 1 wt% of WSD. Although notable improvements in permeate flux were obtained by adding a small amount of sawdust, the results clearly indicate that the salt rejection mechanism of TFC membrane was different from the glycerin rejection mechanism. Furthermore, durability results of TFC membranes showed that in continuous operation for 30 days, TFC‐14/0.5 and TFC‐14/01 have the maximum plateau levels of stable permeate flux and salt rejection among the all TFC membranes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance enhancement of thin‐film composite membranes in water desalination process by wood sawdust

Namaghi

Asl

Chenar

et al. 2019

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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“…They are isomerides with different connection of glucosidic bonds. Cellulose nanofibers (CNF) are used to reinforce starch to take advantage of the chemical similarity between the starch and the cellulose, which results in good interfacial bonding [14]. Recently, starch/CNF composite has become increasingly popular in paper making, food and adhesive area for its biodegradability, low cost, and excellent mechanical property [9,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of mechanical reinforcement effects of cellulose nanocrystal, cellulose nanofiber, and microfibrillated cellulose in starch composites

et al. 2017

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In this work, cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), cellulose nanofiber (CNF), and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) are used to reinforce starch to obtain high‐performance starch nanocomposites by film casting. The results show that MFC is a highly efficient filler to reinforce starch compared with CNC and CNF. Largely enhanced tensile strength and modulus have been achieved (3.1 MPa, 146.7 MPa for pure starch, 10.6 MPa, 757.4 MPa for starch/MFC composite). Moreover, starch/nanocellulose nanocomposites prepared in this work exhibit excellent transparency and thermostability. Most importantly, the results of sizing performances of the nanocomposites reveal that adding of 3 wt% MFC in starch has obviously enhanced the adhesiveness of sizes to fibers. Our work may help lay a foundation for preparation of high‐performance starch/MFC sizing agents, and contribute to largely expanding the industrial application of CNFs. POLYM. COMPOS., 40:E365–E372, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers

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“…1. The spectrum of cellulose has the expected peaks: 38,41 (OH) at 3330 cm −1 , (CH 2 ) at 2894 cm −1 , (OH) at 1637 cm −1 , (CH 2 ) at 1428 cm −1 , (CH) at 1367 and 1315 cm −1 , and pyranose ring skeletal vibrations involving C-O and C-C groups at 1160, 1050, 1028 and 896 cm −1 were detectable ( Fig. 1).…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Flax Fibre and Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, also weak peaks at 1742 cm −1 and 1246 cm −1 due to hemicelluloses were visible. 38,41 Typically, natural fibres such as flax have the same characteristic peaks as cellulose with the addition of others that can be attributed to hemicellulose, lignin, protein, sugars, wax or oils. When flax fibres are used, the ATR analysis reveals peaks principally due to the cellulose with the presence of a polymeric binder.…”

Section: Chemical Characterization Of Flax Fibre and Cellulosementioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, when conventional melt processing methods were used, only a low amount of fillers were added, reaching in some cases great improvement in the mechanical properties . Generally, results show that incorporation of bio‐based nano or micro reinforcements in TPS improves mechanical properties and the improvements are proportional to the filler loading.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermomechanical improvement of glycerol plasticized maize starch with high loading of cellulose, flax and talc fillers

Battegazzore

Bocchini

Frache

2016

Polymer International

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For the purpose of extending the applicability fields of thermoplastic starch (TPS), a study on their properties with high filler loadings was performed. Two different organic natural reinforcements (cellulose and flax) and a typical mineral filler (talc) were incorporated in TPS using melt blending. The resulting composites were observed on fragile fracture surfaces by scanning electron microscopy to study the filler/matrix adhesion. Magnifications revealed good TPS−fibre interfacial interaction with limited debonding. The thermomechanical properties by dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) and the correlation with the filler amount (from 10 to 50 wt%) were thoroughly investigated at 50% relative humidity and 23 ∘ C. The tests evidenced a huge increase in composite storage moduli (E ′ ) of more than 200% with respect to the neat matrix. Moreover, the resulting DMTA experimental data were interpolated with the Cox − Krenchel micromechanical model. To this aim, the necessary measures of the filler dimensions were calculated after the extrusion process on water-dissolved residues using an optical microscope. This model was able to correctly follow the experimental results also at high filler loadings.

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Green composites based on thermoplastic starch and rubber wood sawdust

Cited by 26 publications

References 33 publications

Performance enhancement of thin‐film composite membranes in water desalination process by wood sawdust

Performance enhancement of thin‐film composite membranes in water desalination process by wood sawdust

Comparison of mechanical reinforcement effects of cellulose nanocrystal, cellulose nanofiber, and microfibrillated cellulose in starch composites

Thermomechanical improvement of glycerol plasticized maize starch with high loading of cellulose, flax and talc fillers

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