“…However, the high cost, fluctuating prizes and the limited supply of precious metals, 28–31 has inspired researchers to seek an alternative to the precious metal catalysis. 32 Due to their abundance and much lower cost, use of first-row transition metals is quite attractive for use in catalysis, although challenges exist with the usage of 3d metals due to their lower electronegativity, smaller d-orbitals, and the propensity towards one electron chemistry.…”