Green Chemistry Approach for the Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives and Evaluation of their Anti-epileptic Activity

Abstract

Background: Green strategy involves the design, synthesis, processing, and use of chemical substances by eliminating the generation of chemical hazards. This approach focuses on atom economy, use of safer solvents or chemicals, consumption of energy, and decomposition of the chemical substances to non-toxic materials which are eco-friendly. Objective: So, the microwave irradiated heating method is considered a green and sustainable technique for the development of novel heterocyclic scaffold-like isoxazole derivatives via chalcones. Isoxazole derivatives play a vital role due to their diverse pharmacological activities such as antibiotic (Sulfamethoxazole, Cloxacillin, Flucloxacillin, Cycloserine), anti-fungal (Drazoxolon), Antirheumatic (Leflunomide), antidepressant (Isocarboxazid), antineoplastic (Acivicin), anticonvulsant (Zonisamide), antipsychotic (Risperidone) and anti-inflammatory drugs (Valdecoxib), etc. Methods: The isoxazole derivatives were synthesized with the help of microwave irradiation that follows green chemistry protocol. Results: The titled compounds were subjected to antiepileptic evaluation to determine their therapeutic potential. Conclusion: The use of microwave radiation enhances the rate of the reaction which leads to high selectivity with improved product yields in comparison with the traditional heating methods. The tested compounds exhibited promising antiepileptic activity as compared to the standard drug (Phenytoin).

Synthesis of Triphenyl Imidazole by Green chemistry approach

“…Since the microwave field is oscillating field. This alignment causes rotation, which results in friction and ultimately in heat energy [5].  Ionic conduction: During ionic conduction dissolved (completely) charged particles (usually ions) oscillate back and forth under the influence of microwave irradiation.…”