“…Green chemistry, improved recyclability of products and the removal of toxicants before recycling are fundamentally important 41. Poverty alleviation through adequate funding of the services provided by informal recyclers is a necessity.…”
Section: Measures To Improve the Well-being Of Informal Waste Recyclersmentioning
With rapid population growth, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, the generation of waste is increasing at an unprecedented rate. For example, annual global waste arising from waste electrical and electronic equipment alone will have increased from 33.8 to 49.8 million tonnes between 2010 and 2018. Despite incineration and other waste treatment techniques, landfill still dominates waste disposal in low-income and middle-income countries. There is usually insufficient funding for adequate waste management in these countries and uptake of more advanced waste treatment technologies is poor. Without proper management, many landfills represent serious hazards as typified by the landslide in Shenzhen, China on 20 December 2015. In addition to formal waste recycling systems, approximately 15million people around the world are involved in informal waste recycling, mainly for plastics, metals, glass and paper. This review examines emerging public health challenges, in particular within low-income and middle-income countries, associated with the informal sector. While informal recyclers contribute to waste recycling and reuse, the relatively primitive techniques they employ, combined with improper management of secondary pollutants, exacerbate environmental pollution of air, soil and water. Even worse, insufficient occupational health measures expose informal waste workers to a range of pollutants, injuries, respiratory and dermatological problems, infections and other serious health issues that contribute to low life expectancy. Integration of the informal sector with its formal counterparts could improve waste management while addressing these serious health and livelihood issues. Progress in this direction has already been made notably in several Latin American countries where integrating the informal and formal sectors has had a positive influence on both waste management and poverty alleviation.
“…Green chemistry, improved recyclability of products and the removal of toxicants before recycling are fundamentally important 41. Poverty alleviation through adequate funding of the services provided by informal recyclers is a necessity.…”
Section: Measures To Improve the Well-being Of Informal Waste Recyclersmentioning
With rapid population growth, especially in low-income and middle-income countries, the generation of waste is increasing at an unprecedented rate. For example, annual global waste arising from waste electrical and electronic equipment alone will have increased from 33.8 to 49.8 million tonnes between 2010 and 2018. Despite incineration and other waste treatment techniques, landfill still dominates waste disposal in low-income and middle-income countries. There is usually insufficient funding for adequate waste management in these countries and uptake of more advanced waste treatment technologies is poor. Without proper management, many landfills represent serious hazards as typified by the landslide in Shenzhen, China on 20 December 2015. In addition to formal waste recycling systems, approximately 15million people around the world are involved in informal waste recycling, mainly for plastics, metals, glass and paper. This review examines emerging public health challenges, in particular within low-income and middle-income countries, associated with the informal sector. While informal recyclers contribute to waste recycling and reuse, the relatively primitive techniques they employ, combined with improper management of secondary pollutants, exacerbate environmental pollution of air, soil and water. Even worse, insufficient occupational health measures expose informal waste workers to a range of pollutants, injuries, respiratory and dermatological problems, infections and other serious health issues that contribute to low life expectancy. Integration of the informal sector with its formal counterparts could improve waste management while addressing these serious health and livelihood issues. Progress in this direction has already been made notably in several Latin American countries where integrating the informal and formal sectors has had a positive influence on both waste management and poverty alleviation.
“…One of the current challenges for the industry and the scientific community is the development of not only economical but also environmentally sustainable processes. 1 In this context, the use of heterogeneous catalysts offered a key tool to achieve suitable utilization of energy and chemicals. 2 Among the most commonly applied catalytic processes, selective hydrogenation of functional groups over heterogeneous catalysts is of paramount importance in various industrial sectors.…”
In the last decade, the semi-hydrogenation of alkynes has experienced significant advances in terms of fine control of alkene selectivity and prevention of the over-hydrogenation reaction. Such advances have been possible to a large extent through the progress in colloidal methods for the preparation of metallic nanoparticles. The present review describes the contributions in the field of the selective hydrogenation of alkynes involving the utilization of colloidal methodologies. These approaches permit the fine modulation of several parameters affecting the catalytic performance of the active phase such as the particle size, the bulk and the surface structure and composition. For the transformation of liquid substrates, the nature of the stabilizers, the reducing agents and the metal precursors employed for the synthesis of the catalysts can be tuned to enhance the alkene selectivity. In contrast, in catalytic transformations of gaseous substrates, the presence of adsorbed species at the metal surface usually gives detrimental results while the interplay between the support and the active phase appears to be a more convincing alternative for catalyst tuning.
“…The term green chemistry is often used to conserve resources and the environment [6] and also redesign of chemical products to eliminate toxicological and environmental impact [7]. Green chemistry strives to minimize waste production, to promote the use of renewable and recycled resources, and to achieve the highest possible energy efficiency [8]. In paper [9] cited that green chemistry often described as an 'innovative, nonregulatory, economically driven approach toward sustainability.…”
Green chemistry is known as a study that aims to reduce or eliminate the adverse effects of the use of hazardous chemicals that can damagethe environment and health. Environmental damage and poor health as caused by hazardous chemicals will affect the issuance of costs. This present study aims to discuss green chemistry and its impact on the economy through a literature review. This study is a review article that explains the conceptof green chemistry and its impact on the economy. Based on the results of the study showed that the implementation of green chemistry will reduce thecost of recovery, prevention, and also reduce health costs. It is recommended that the firms in conducting manufacturing activities adopt green chemistryin their manufacturing activities
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