Green Chemicals from d-glucose: Systematic Studies on Catalytic Effects of Inorganic Salts on the Chemo-Selectivity and Yield in Aqueous Solutions

Abstract

The use of inorganic salts as catalysts for the reactions of D-glucose in aqueous solutions in a batch reactor is reported. The type of salt and effect of reaction time were examined in detail at a fixed salt (5 mM) and Dglucose concentration (0.1 M) and at a temperature of 140°C. Al(III) and Cr(II) salts gave the highest conversion of D-glucose. Typical reaction products were organic acids like lactic acid, levulinic acid, furanics like hydroxymethylfurfural and insoluble products (humins). The chemoselectivity is a clear function of the type of inorganic salt. For Al(III), the major water soluble product was lactic acid, for Zn(II) HMF was formed in the highest yields. A reaction scheme is proposed to explain the observed product compositions.

The Catalytic Conversion of d-Glucose to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural in DMSO Using Metal Salts

“…2. At the start of the reaction, the formation of D-fructose and This isomerisation was also observed when reacted D-glucose in water using AlCl 3 [11], Cr and Sn salts [7,8,13] The ability of these metal salts to isomerise D-glucose to D-fructose likely plays a pivotal role on the rate as well as chemo-selectivity for the reaction of D-glucose to HMF. HMF is the main reaction product, and is likely formed from D-fructose (Scheme 1).…”

“…For instance, we recently showed that both chromium and aluminium salts promote the isomerisation of D-glucose to D-fructose in water, though only marginal yields of HMF (\10 mol%) were obtained [11]. Besides the subsequent rehydration of HMF to give levulinic acid and insoluble humins, the formation of C3-sugars was observed.…”

Optimization of Production of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural From Glucose in a Water: Acetone Biphasic System

“…One of the most attractive furan compounds is 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which occurs naturally as a product of thermal degradation of sugars and nowadays is considered to be a biorefinery building block, or a key compound for the development of an advanced biorefinery (Rasrendra et al, 2010). From this compound, 2,5-dimethylfuran (Román-Leshkov et al, 2007), esters of levulinic acid and HMF ethers (Yang.…”

Oxidation of Glycerol to Lactic Acid by Gold on Acidified Alumina: A Kinetic and DFT Case Study

“…In this section, we apply transition state theory principles [34][35][36] via DFT simulations to extract thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for this isomerisation reaction. Experimentally, Rasrendra et al [37] suggested that, under catalytic conditions, GLA can be successfully isomerised to LAC. The rest of this chapter discusses the potential role played by Mo in the formation of LAC over supported bi-functional Au catalysts at low temperatures, assuming the reaction occurs according to Eq.…”