Green Buildings and Building Assessment Systems

Retzlaff, Rebecca

doi:10.1177/0885412209349589

Cited by 57 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 103 publications

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“…Germer et al 14 point out that the technical challenges of crop cultivation in buildings require interdisciplinary cooperation integrating all areas of competency. Retzlaff 43 confirms that 'green buildings require the integration of various fields that normally work in separate areas of activity. In conventional development, landscape architects, architects and the construction trades often do not communicate extensively.'…”

Section: Specific Implementation Processes and Networkmentioning

confidence: 77%

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Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)

Thomaier

Specht

Henckel

et al. 2014

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

297

225

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Considering global trends such as climate change and resource scarcity, a major challenge of future cities will be to reduce urban footprints. Moreover, cities have to become or remain livable for their inhabitants and offer social and economic opportunities. Thus, reconnecting food production and cities offers promising potential. The diffusion of urban farming reflects a rising awareness of how food and farming can shape our cities. A growing number of urban farming projects exist in and on urban buildings, including open rooftop farms, rooftop greenhouses and indoor farming. These projects are characterized by the non-use of land or acreage for farming activities. We use the term 'Zero-Acreage Farming' (ZFarming) to represent these farms. The objective of this paper is to: (1) illustrate and systemize present practices of ZFarming and (2) discuss specific novelties of ZFarming in the wider context of urban agriculture. We analyzed 73 ZFarms in cities of North America, Asia, Australia and Europe using a set of criteria, and developed a typology of ZFarming, complemented by in-depth interviews with pioneers in rooftop farming in New York. The results illustrate that ZFarming generates innovative practices that may contribute to a sustainable urban agriculture. Besides growing food, it produces a range of non-food and non-market goods. It involves new opportunities for resource efficiency, new farming technologies, specific implementation processes and networks, new patterns of food supply and new urban spaces.

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Section: Specific Implementation Processes and Networkmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The need to create green and sustainable cities and buildings is widely acknowledged by urban planners and architects 1,6,43,44 . By merging food production and architecture, ZFarming contributes to multifunctional buildings that offer a wide range of social and ecological benefits.…”

Section: New Spaces In the Citymentioning

confidence: 99%

Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)

Thomaier

Specht

Henckel

et al. 2014

Renew. Agric. Food Syst.

297

225

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“…It was introduced in 1990 [26,27], and, since then, the field of the rating systems for assessing the environmental impact of buildings has been subject to a rapid increase in the number of schemes developed and introduced on the market worldwide [12]. This phenomenon seems to have reached stabilization in the last few years ( Figure 2).…”

Section: Rating Systems For Assessing the Environmental Impact Of Buimentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Most Adopted Rating Systems for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Buildings

et al. 2017

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Abstract:Rating systems for assessing the environmental impact of buildings are technical instruments that aim to evaluate the environmental impact of buildings and construction projects. In some cases, these rating systems can also cover urban-scale projects, community projects, and infrastructures. These schemes are designed to assist project management in making the projects more sustainable by providing frameworks with precise criteria for

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“…For example, Johnston [8] questioned the impacts of income and land price on the participation rate of a density bonus scheme and impacts of incentive level on project profits in the USA. Fletcher [9] and Retzlaff [10] claimed that the mechanism for determining the optimal level of incentives is lacking. Insufficient incentives barely motivate developers to construct GB, whereas excessive incentives result in much social cost [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Costs and Benefits of Implementing Green Building Economic Incentives: Case Study of a Gross Floor Area Concession Scheme in Hong Kong

Fan,

Chan,

Chau

2018

Sustainability

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Economic incentives are widely used to promote green buildings (GB) and consume social resources. However, few studies evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing economic incentives, including hidden costs and benefits. This paper applies cost-benefits analysis (CBA) and transaction cost (TC) theory to systematically evaluate the costs and benefits of implementing the green building economic incentives, with focused study on the Gross Floor Area (GFA) Concession Scheme in Hong Kong. The data of costs and benefits indicate how the GFA Concession Scheme motivates stakeholders and how much it benefits the built environment, which provides a solid foundation for the improvement of the GFA Concession Scheme. Expert interviews were conducted to verify and compliment the new CBA framework and provide empirical evidence for policy-makers and researchers to better understand the allocation of costs and benefits. The results show that the effectiveness of the GFA Concession Scheme is readily justified even if it has caused a lot of extra transaction costs and actual costs. A 10% GFA concession attracts developers to enter the GB market but discourages them to go for a higher level of GB. It is the right time to differentiate the GFA concession to promote a higher level of GB.

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Green Buildings and Building Assessment Systems

Cited by 57 publications

References 103 publications

Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)

Farming in and on urban buildings: Present practice and specific novelties of Zero-Acreage Farming (ZFarming)

An Analysis of the Most Adopted Rating Systems for Assessing the Environmental Impact of Buildings

Costs and Benefits of Implementing Green Building Economic Incentives: Case Study of a Gross Floor Area Concession Scheme in Hong Kong

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