Green Biofuel Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil using Malaysian Dolomite Catalyst

Abstract

Malaysian Dolomite has shown potential deoxygenation catalyst due to high capacity in removing oxygen compound and produce high quality of biofuel with desirable lighter hydrocarbon (C8-C24). The performance of this catalyst was compared with several commercial catalysts in catalytic pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil. Calcination at 900 °C in N2 produced catalyst with very high activity due to decomposition of CaMg(CO3)2 phase and formation of MgO-CaO phase. The liquid product showed similar chemical composition of biofuel in the range of gasoline, kerosene and diesel fuel. Furthermore, Malaysian Dolomite showed high reactivity with 76.51 % in total liquid hydrocarbon and the ability to convert the oxygenated compounds into CO2, CO, CH4, H2, hydrocarbon fuel gas, and H2O. Moreover, low acid value (33 mg KOH/g) and low aromatic hydrocarbon content were obtained in the biofuel. Thus, local calcined carbonated material has a potential to act as catalyst in converting waste cooking oil into biofuel. Copyright © 2018 BCREC Group. All rights reservedReceived: 13rd December 2017; Revised: 11st June 2018; Accepted: 3rd July 2018How to Cite: Hafriz, R.S.R.M., Salmiaton, A., Yunus, R., Taufiq-Yap, Y.H. (2018). Green Biofuel Production via Catalytic Pyrolysis of Waste Cooking Oil using Malaysian Dolomite Catalyst. Bulletin of Chemical Reaction Engineering & Catalysis, 13 (3): 489-501 (doi:10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1956.489-501)Permalink/DOI: https://doi.org/10.9767/bcrec.13.3.1956.489-501

Recent Advances of Triglyceride Catalytic Pyrolysis via Heterogenous Dolomite Catalyst for Upgrading Biofuel Quality: A Review

“…Moreover, based on Diwald et al [103], the strength of the basic sites of the alkaline earth metal oxides studied in temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of CO2 increased in the order of MgO < CaO < SrO < BaO. In addition, the MgO ions were reported among several basic oxides (such as La2O3, CeO2, or ZrO2), which were successful in min- Meanwhile, Raja et al [101], reported that MgO played an important role in increasing oil quality by reducing oxygen levels and converting almost all the long chain alkanes and alkenes to low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the diesel range. The potential of MgO as a based catalyst was proved by Tani et al [102], due to its significant role in increasing the oil quality by reducing oxygen levels and directly reducing the acid values and iodine values of the cracking oil, which was suitable to be used in diesel engine vehicles.…”

“…As studied by Hafriz et al [ 95 ], dolomite catalysts have indicated maximum biofuel conversion for catalytic reactions at optimum condition of 410 °C, 60 min, 5.50 wt% of catalyst loading, and 175 cm 3 /min of N 2 . The higher temperature could slow the cracking activity and induce major vaporization from the conversion reaction, which would reduce the biofuel producibility [ 86 , 101 ].…”

“…As a matter of fact, the acidity values of the biofuels produced are slightly higher compared to the ASTM standard, which requires biofuel to be blended with commercial fuels before further utilization. As reported, the high acid value will contribute to the large effect on the corrosion value, cold filter plugging point, and freezing point of the biofuel produced [ 101 ]. Although the dolomite catalyst has tremendously lowered acidity values and meets other properties of biofuel standards, complete fulfilment of the standards is required for biofuel to be commercialized.…”

“…As shown in Figure 6, solids and liquids are the main products at 400 °C as compared to 500 °C. Meanwhile, Raja et al [101], reported that MgO played an important role in increasing oil quality by reducing oxygen levels and converting almost all the long chain alkanes and alkenes to low molecular weight hydrocarbons in the diesel range. The potential of MgO as a based catalyst was proved by Tani et al [102], due to its significant role in increasing the oil quality by reducing oxygen levels and directly reducing the acid values and iodine values of the cracking oil, which was suitable to be used in diesel engine vehicles.…”

Bio-oil production from pyrolysis of Polypropylene using dolomite catalyst

“…Buyang, et al [10] used dolomite directly as a catalyst in the pyrolysis of Reutealis trisperma oil to produce a liquid yield of 77.39%. The basic site composition of CaO and MgO contained in dolomite is able to support the deoxygenation reaction through pyrolysis and increase hydrocarbons, increasing their cracking into lighter and heavier organic fractions [11]. The ketonization reaction of carboxylic acid converts it into a ketone and some oromatic and phenolic compounds.…”