Green Biobatteries: Hybrid Paper–Polymer Microbial Fuel Cells

Mohammadifar, Maedeh; Yazgan, İ̇dris; Zhang, Jing; Kariuki, Victor M.; Sadik, Omowunmi A.; Choi, Seokheun

doi:10.1002/adsu.201800041

Cited by 30 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Fabrication of Folding Structures: The hydrophilic channels were defined with hydrophobic wax boundaries on paper by double-sided printing and letting the wax penetrate asymmetrically. [54,55] Specific wax and channel patterns were designed using a computer aided design tool (AutoCAD software), and the wax was printed onto 8.5″ × 11″ copy paper from Staples using a Phaser printer (ColorQube 8570 from Xerox). Printing various prescribed planar designs of patterns enabled the mass production of different geometries on a single paper sheet, which maintained its inherent flexibility.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Ryu

Mohammadifar

Tahernia

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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a century, sensational engineering efforts have been performed to develop new synthetic materials, and intensive studies of forces needed to deform those soft materials have examined the use of pneumatic, thermal, electrical, and chemical energy. [11][12][13] The second research stream designs low-profile, sheet-like robots, named "robotic origamis" (or "robogamis") that offer softness and reconfigurability with multiple bending degrees of freedom. [8][9][10] In robogamis, the rigid sheets are connected through soft joints, where 2D patterns can be folded into 3D structures by low profile actuations such as electrostatic forces, shape memory alloys, and pneumatic pressures. [2] Such robogamis can autonomously transform themselves into programmed shapes and perform complex tasks in unpredictable environments. Substantial progress in soft material research has produced achievements that are critical in terms of robogami techniques [2] while soft robotics and origami folding concepts have opened new applications. [9] However, soft robotics and robogamis have historically developed separately, and studies on robogamis with soft matter were unavailable or quite limited even though their integration is expected to generate substantial achievements in terms of cost, fabrication, operation, and performance. Built-in folds made of soft materials have the considerable potential to yield continuum, compliant, and configurable properties for robots.In this work, we introduce a new approach to combine these two robotic techniques by using soft paper substrates and a waterresponsive origami technique. The capillary action of sprayed water molecules is constrained by hydrophilic channels on paper, whose number and size are carefully defined by double-sided printing and the asymmetrical penetration of wax. In particular, a bilayered single sheet of paper that uses wax and water can lead to programmed deformations from different swelling and shrinking properties of the layers. A wax-water pattern on paper develops a folding actuation with a specific degree and shape and unfolding with evaporation without being mechanically manipulated by external forces or moments. The 2D sheet of paper can be controllably self-folded into various 3D structures, demonstrating self-folding actuation, low-weight object manipulation, and biomimetic locomotion through bending and relaxation. Although a couple of paper-based robotic concepts were partly proposed before, [14,15] no technique has yet emerged as a simple print-and-fold actuator powered by environmental humidity or water for comprehensive robotic functions including self-folding, Soft robotics driven by origami can fundamentally advance robotic functionalities by significantly improving continuum, compliance, and configurability. Here, a new field is proposed, "paper robotics," which is based on moistureresponsive self-folding of paper substrates into functional 3D machines using origami-inspired techniques. By properly designing a hydrophobic wax layer and a hygro-expandable hydrophilic ...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Ryu

Mohammadifar

Tahernia

et al. 2020

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…[201,202] Electronics will biodegrade or physically disappear in a controlled manner without environmental issues caused by electronic wastes. [196,197,204] Finally, there will be a direct interface between electronics and living organisms, allowing the close proximity of massive signal processing with those of complicated biological systems. [200,201,205] While biological living systems use molecules and ions nonlinearly for their metabolic activities and signaling, electronics exclusively and deterministically depend on electrons.…”

Section: Future Direction and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrogenic Bacteria Promise New Opportunities for Powering, Sensing, and Synthesizing

Choi

2022

Small

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Considerable research efforts into the promises of electrogenic bacteria and the commercial opportunities they present are attempting to identify potential feasible applications. Metabolic electrons from the bacteria enable electricity generation sufficient to power portable or small‐scale applications, while the quantifiable electric signal in a miniaturized device platform can be sensitive enough to monitor and respond to changes in environmental conditions. Nanomaterials produced by the electrogenic bacteria can offer an innovative bottom‐up biosynthetic approach to synergize bacterial electron transfer and create an effective coupling at the cell–electrode interface. Furthermore, electrogenic bacteria can revolutionize the field of bioelectronics by effectively interfacing electronics with microbes through extracellular electron transfer. Here, these new directions for the electrogenic bacteria and their recent integration with micro‐ and nanosystems are comprehensively discussed with specific attention toward distinct applications in the field of powering, sensing, and synthesizing. Furthermore, challenges of individual applications and strategies toward potential solutions are provided to offer valuable guidelines for practical implementation. Finally, the perspective and view on how the use of electrogenic bacteria can hold immeasurable promise for the development of future electronics and their applications are presented.

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“…For example, using its capillarity, cellulose paper has been applied to absorb and store the electrolyte for paper‐based Al‐air batteries. [ 63 ] With the help of its biocompatibility, Choi's group [ 245 ] developed hybrid paper‐polymer microbial fuel cells which can biodegrade automatically in water without further treatment. The microporous, hydrophilic network of intertwined cellulose fibers in the paper enables rapid adsorption of bacterial cells and facilitates their accumulation.…”

Section: Electronic Devices Based On Flexible Porous Substratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Class of Electronic Devices Based on Flexible Porous Substrates

Zhang

Huang

et al. 2022

Advanced Science

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With the advent of the Internet of Things era, the connection between electronic devices and humans is getting closer and closer. New‐concept electronic devices including e‐skins, nanogenerators, brain–machine interfaces, and implantable medical devices, can work on or inside human bodies, calling for wearing comfort, super flexibility, biodegradability, and stability under complex deformations. However, conventional electronics based on metal and plastic substrates cannot effectively meet these new application requirements. Therefore, a series of advanced electronic devices based on flexible porous substrates (e.g., paper, fabric, electrospun nanofibers, wood, and elastic polymer sponge) is being developed to address these challenges by virtue of their superior biocompatibility, breathability, deformability, and robustness. The porous structure of these substrates can not only improve device performance but also enable new functions, but due to their wide variety, choosing the right porous substrate is crucial for preparing high‐performance electronics for specific applications. Herein, the properties of different flexible porous substrates are summarized and their basic principles of design, manufacture, and use are highlighted. Subsequently, various functionalization methods of these porous substrates are briefly introduced and compared. Then, the latest advances in flexible porous substrate‐based electronics are demonstrated. Finally, the remaining challenges and future directions are discussed.

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Green Biobatteries: Hybrid Paper–Polymer Microbial Fuel Cells

Cited by 30 publications

References 54 publications

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Paper Robotics: Self‐Folding, Gripping, and Locomotion

Electrogenic Bacteria Promise New Opportunities for Powering, Sensing, and Synthesizing

A New Class of Electronic Devices Based on Flexible Porous Substrates

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