Green Anti‐Solvent Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 19%

Zhang, Min; Wang, Zenghua; Zhou, Bin; Jia, Xuguang; Ma, Qingshan; Yuan, Ningyi; Zheng, Xiaojia; Ding, Jianning; Zhang, Wenhua

doi:10.1002/solr.201700213

Cited by 98 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…The arcs at high frequency should be ascribed to carrier transport features in the bulk layer and the incomplete semicircles in the low frequency represent carrier recombination process at the interfaces. [27a,32] The corresponding values of R s (internal series resistance), R tr (transport resistance), and R re (recombination resistance) were fitted by Z‐view software with the given equivalent circuit and summarized in Table S4 in the Supporting Information. The mesoscopic device displays a lower R tr and higher R rec compared to the planar one.…”

Section: The Key Photovoltaic Parameters Of the Pscs With Different Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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The unstable feature of the widely employed organic hole‐transporting materials (HTMs) (e.g., spiro‐MeOTAD) significantly limits the practical application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Therefore, it is desirable to design new structured PSCs with stable HTMs presenting excellent carrier extraction and transfer properties. This work demonstrates a new inverted PSC configuration. The new PSC has a graded band alignment and bilayered inorganic HTMs (i.e., compact NiOx and mesoporous CuGaO2). In comparison with planar‐structured PSCs, the mesoporous CuGaO2 can effectively extract holes from perovskite due to the increased contact area of the perovskite/HTM. The graded energy alignment constructed in the ultrathin compact NiOx, mesoporous CuGaO2, and perovskite can facilitate carrier transfer and depress charge recombination. As a result, the champion device based on the newly designed mesoscopic PSCs yields a stabilized efficiency of ≈20%, which is considered one of the best results for inverted PSCs with inorganic HTMs. Additionally, the unencapsulated PSC device retains more than 80% of its original efficiency when subjected to thermal aging at 85 °C for 1000 h in a nitrogen atmosphere, thus demonstrating superior thermal stability of the device. This study may pave a new avenue to rational design of highly efficient and stable PSCs.

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Section: The Key Photovoltaic Parameters Of the Pscs With Different Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

et al. 2018

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“…However, commonly used antisolvents such as chlorobenzene or toluene are environmentally harmful and highly toxic. While there have been proposals to replace these solvents with less toxic and more environmentally benign alternatives, the use of different antisolvent does not address the issue of important limitations in the scalability of the antisolvent assisted crystallization . In this process, the perovskite film quality critically depends on the time, volume and position of the application of the antisolvent.…”

Section: The Summary Of Parameters Of Devices and Films For Differentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

Ren

et al. 2018

Advanced Materials

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emergence of the hybrid organometal halide perovskite as photovoltaic absorbers had led to a breakthrough in the field of solar technologies. The perovskite-based solar cells (PSCs) had accomplished a dramatic enhancement in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 [1] to a lately announced certificated PCE of 23.3%, [2] outperforming not only other emerging technologies, but also a number of well-established photovoltaic technologies. The superior properties of hybrid organometal halide perovskite materials include high absorption coefficients, tunable bandgaps, long carrier diffusion length, high carrier mobility, and low exciton binding energy making the material highly suitable for photovoltaic applications. [3][4][5][6] The theoretical maximum PCE for the CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3−x Cl x -based PSCs is found to be 31.4%, [7] which approaches the Shockley-Queisser limit of 33% achieved by gallium arsenide solar cells. [8] Tremendous research efforts had been devoted for optimizing the device architecture, as well as deposition techniques and composition of different layers, in particular the perovskite absorber. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15] It is well known that high efficiency and good stability PSCs require certain desirable perovskite film properties such as low defect density, high crystallinity, good coverage, and uniformity. [16][17][18][19] The perovskite films can be prepared by different methods, such as solution techniques, [20,21] thermal evaporation, [22][23][24] and a combination of vapor and the solution A cryogenic process is introduced to control the crystallization of perovskite layers, eliminating the need for the use of environmentally harmful antisolvents. This process enables decoupling of the nucleation and the crystallization phases by inhibiting chemical reactions in as-cast precursor films rapidly cooled down by immersion in liquid nitrogen. The cooling is followed by blow-drying with nitrogen gas, which induces uniform precipitation of precursors due to the supersaturation of precursors in the residual solvents at very low temperature, while at the same time enhancing the evaporation of the residual solvents and preventing the ordered precursors/perovskite from redissolving into the residual solvents. Using the proposed techniques, the crystallization process can be initiated after the formation of a uniform precursor seed layer. The process is generally applicable to improve the performance of solar cells using perovskite films with different compositions, as demonstrated on three different types of mixed halide perovskites. A champion power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 21.4% with open-circuit voltage (V OC ) = 1.14 V, short-circuit current density ( J SC ) = 23.5 mA cm −2 , and fill factor (FF) = 0.80 is achieved using the proposed cryogenic process.When humanity in the modern world consumes ever-increasing energy for the development of the infrastructure, growth of the economy and to raise the standard of living, securing clean and sustainable energy resources becomes a cri...

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“…State of the art PSCs have been fabricated by solution deposition of the perovskite absorber either in a single step or in sequential steps. Although a single‐step deposition of perovskite precursors in a solution is relatively straight forward, measures such as the use of antisolvent, or gas quenching, are still required to facilitate better control film coverage. These techniques have been reported to be effective in slowing down the crystallization process and inducing denser nucleation sites thereby producing dense highly crystallized perovskite films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs_0.15(MA_0.7FA_0.3)_0.85PbI₃ Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance

Bing

Kim

Zhang

et al. 2019

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This paper provides deep understanding of the formation mechanism of perovskite film fabricated by sequential solution‐based methods. It compares two sequential spin‐coating methods for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. First is the “static process,” with a stoppage between the two spin‐coating steps (1st PbI2‐CsI‐dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and 2nd methylammonium iodide (MAI)‐formamidinium iodide (FAI)‐isopropyl alcohol). Second is the “dynamic process,” where the 2nd precursor is dispensed while the substrate is still spinning from the 1st step. For the first time, such a dynamic process is used for Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 perovskite. Characterizations reveal improved film formation with the dynamic process due to the “retainment” of DMSO‐complex necessary for the intermediate phase which i) promotes intercalation between precursors and ii) slows down perovskite crystallization for full conversion. The comparison on as‐deposited perovskite before annealing indicates a more ordered film using this dynamic process. This results in a thicker, more uniform film with higher degree of preferred crystal orientation and higher carrier lifetime after annealing. Therefore, dynamic‐processed devices present better performance repeatability, achieving a higher average efficiency of 17.0% compared to static ones (15.0%). The new insights provided by this work are important for perovskite solar cells processed sequentially as the process has greater flexibility in resolving solvent incompatibility, allowing separate optimizations and allowing different deposition methods.

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Green Anti‐Solvent Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 19%

Cited by 98 publications

References 41 publications

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs_0.15(MA_0.7FA_0.3)_0.85PbI₃ Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance

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Green Anti‐Solvent Processed Planar Perovskite Solar Cells with Efficiency Beyond 19%

Cited by 98 publications

References 41 publications

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Design of an Inorganic Mesoporous Hole‐Transporting Layer for Highly Efficient and Stable Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

A Cryogenic Process for Antisolvent‐Free High‐Performance Perovskite Solar Cells

The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs0.15(MA0.7FA0.3)0.85PbI3 Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance

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The Impact of a Dynamic Two‐Step Solution Process on Film Formation of Cs_0.15(MA_0.7FA_0.3)_0.85PbI₃ Perovskite and Solar Cell Performance