Green and Lean? – Understanding ecological and environmental implications in the light of Industry 4.0

Abstract

Research on Industry 4.0 has only begun to analyse its environmental and social impacts, while technological and economic analyses dominate the current academic debate. However, merging the current debate for a more sustainable industrial value creation with the developments in the context of Industry 4.0 is vital given its benefits beyond merely economic considerations. In response to the scarcity of extant research, this paper analyses research publications and gives insights using an empirical approach. Qualitative-empirical data from 33 expert interviews within German manufacturing enterprises are used to extend the current state of literature in this field. In particular, company-internal and company-external benefits from an environmental and ecological point of view are uncovered, along with drivers and requirements to approach the potentials. Further, the results are discussed against the background of extant publications in the field. The paper closes with recommendations for managerial practice and suggestions for future research.