Green and large‐scale production of ammonia: Laser‐driven pyrolysis of nitrogen‐enriched biomass

Abstract

As a vital chemical, ammonia (NH3) plays an irreplaceable role in many fields such as chemical synthesis and energy storage. Green renewable biomass can be converted into biofuels, but its nitrogen resources are underused throughout. Laser‐driven pyrolysis is envisaged to debuts as a bridge to connect them to realize the direct conversion from nitrogen‐rich biomass into ammonia. The pulsed laser‐induced local‐transient thermal effect recognized the biological nitrogen resources conversion, such as cheap and plentiful yeasts, to small gaseous molecules and achieved spectacular ammonia production rate up to 260.4 mg/h, an order of magnitude higher performance than thermochemical ammonia synthesis. Simultaneously, the tiny hot point generated by a low‐energy laser (20 W) guarantees the whole ammonia synthesis reaction system is in a mild environment of low temperature and normal pressure. Additionally, the remaining solid residue after laser‐driven pyrolysis also can be further exploited as a highly active catalyst for electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NIRR).

Size-Dependent Effect of Titania Nanotubes on Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress to Re-establish Diabetic Macrophages Homeostasis

“…The field of biomaterials has witnessed rapid development. − Most previous investigations aimed at improving T2DM-impacted osseointegration focused on strategies or mechanisms of impaired osteogenesis and tested various titanium surface modifications. For instance, SLM, SLActive, and TNT surfaces have shown superior osteogenesis ability than SLA surfaces under diabetic conditions.…”

Dual Emulsion Fabrication Approach to Core–Shell Microspheres for Polymer Laser Direct Writing

“…Whether it is a beautiful design, text for identification or anticounterfeiting, or a trademark with copyright implications, the processing of these markings has moved from traditional screen 1 and ink printing 2 to the more accurate and efficient laser direct writing (LDW) process. 3 Commonly, LDW can be applied to different material surfaces such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. 4−6 As a noncontact precision processing method, it does not consume organic solvents during the process, thus avoiding environmental pollution.…”

“…In contrast to the extravagant, cumbersome, and wasteful lifestyles of the last few decades, people have begun to emphasize simplicity, energy conservation, and green environmental protection due to the scarcity of resources and the deterioration of the environment. Whether it is a beautiful design, text for identification or anticounterfeiting, or a trademark with copyright implications, the processing of these markings has moved from traditional screen and ink printing to the more accurate and efficient laser direct writing (LDW) process . Commonly, LDW can be applied to different material surfaces such as metals, ceramics, and polymers. − As a noncontact precision processing method, it does not consume organic solvents during the process, thus avoiding environmental pollution.…”

Pulsed laser induced plasma and thermal effects on molybdenum carbide for dry reforming of methane

“…Owing to its narrow pulse width and high-energy density, the interaction between pulsed laser and materials can give rise to some fascinating effects 23 , 24 . The local thermal effect produced by pulsed laser can trigger photothermochemical reactions 25 – 27 . More importantly, high-energy electrons generated by an infocus pulsed laser can cause the breakdown of gas molecules, resulting the formation of highly active plasma from the gas reactants 28 – 30 .…”