Greek Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Tsara, Venetia; Serasli, Evangelia; Amfilochiou, Anastasia; Constantinidis, Theodor; Christaki, Pandora

doi:10.1055/s-2004-829632

Cited by 122 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…For the 135 individuals assessed in the present study, the scores obtained on the ESS-BR showed internal consistency similar to that of translations validated elsewhere, (24)(25)(26)(27)(28) despite the cultural and language differences among the populations analyzed. Comparing the ESS-BR scores obtained in the present study with those obtained in studies applying the original ESS, we found the scores to be similar for the control and OSAHS groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…(25)(26)(27)(28) In one study, (19) the ESS scores were significantly higher for patients with severe OSAHS than for those with mild or moderate OSAHS (p < 0.001), although no statistically significant difference was found between the mild and moderate forms. Unlike other validation studies, the present study evaluated only individuals submitted to polysomnography, which enhanced the stringency of the selection of the groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil

et al. 2009

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Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS) for use in Brazil. Methods: The steps involved in creating the ESS in Brazilian Portuguese (ESS-BR) were as follows: translation; back-translation; comparison (by a committee) between the translation and the back-translation; and testing in bilingual individuals. The ESS-BR was applied to a group of patients who were submitted to overnight polysomnography in order to identify obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS), insomnia and primary snoring. A control group was composed of subjects with a history of normal sleep habits, without reported snoring. Results: A total of 114 patients and 21 controls were included. The 8-item scores of the ESS-BR had an overall reliability coefficient of 0.83. The study group was composed of 59 patients with OSAHS, 34 patients with primary snoring and 21 patients with insomnia. One-way ANOVA demonstrated significant differences in ESS-BR scores among the four diagnostic groups (p < 0.001). Post-hoc tests between groups showed that the ESS-BR scores of the patients with insomnia did not differ from those of the controls (p > 0.05). The ESS-BR scores were significantly higher for OSAHS patients and for primary snorers than for controls (p < 0.05). In addition, the scores for OSAHS patients were significantly higher than were those for primary snorers (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The results of the present study demonstrate that the ESS-BR is a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of daytime sleepiness, equivalent to its original version when applied to individuals who speak Brazilian Portuguese.Keywords: Validation studies; Sleep disorders; Cross-cultural comparison; Disorders of excessive somnolence. ResumoObjetivo: Desenvolver uma versão da escala de sonolência de Epworth (ESE) para o português para uso no Brasil. Métodos: A versão no português do Brasil (ESE-BR) foi desenvolvida de acordo com as seguintes etapas: tradução; retrotradução; comparação entre a tradução e a retrotradução (por um comitê); e aplicação em indivíduos bilín-gues. A ESE-BR foi aplicada a um grupo de pacientes submetidos à polissonografia de noite inteira para identificar síndrome da apneia-hipopneia obstrutiva do sono (SAHOS), insônia e ronco primário. Um grupo controle foi composto de indivíduos com história de hábitos normais de sono, sem ronco aparente. Resultados: Um total de 114 pacientes e 21 controles foram incluídos. Os 8 itens do ESE-BR tiveram um coeficiente de confiabilidade total de 0,83. O grupo em estudo foi composto por 59 pacientes com SAHOS, 34 pacientes com ronco primário e 21 pacientes com insônia. One-way ANOVA demonstrou diferenças significativas nos escores do ESE-BR entre os quatro grupos diagnósticos (p < 0,001). Testes post hoc entre grupos pareados mostraram que os escores do ESE-BR para insones não diferiram daqueles dos controles (p > 0,05). Os escores dos pacientes com SAHOS e nos roncadores primários foram significativamente maiores que os...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil

et al. 2009

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“…Subjective sleepiness and CPAP treatment response A subjective tendency for sleepiness was evaluated by means of the validated Greek version [18] of the ESS [19], on initial assessment and at a follow-up assessment o6 months later. Higher ESS scores indicate a greater subjective tendency for daytime sleepiness.…”

Section: Apparatus and Cpap Compliancementioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of residual sleepiness in adequately treated obstructive sleep apnoea patients

Koutsourelakis¹,

Perraki²,

Economou³

et al. 2009

European Respiratory Journal

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Some patients with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS; respiratory distress index (RDI) of .5 events?h -1 ) experience residual excessive daytime subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) score of .10), despite adequate use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy. The aim of the present study was to identify clinical and polysomnographic predictors of this sleepiness.Clinical and polysomnographic variables and ESS score were evaluated in 208 OSAS patients with an ESS score of .10 before (initial assessment) and after o6 months of adequate (o4 h?day -1 ) CPAP use. Following CPAP treatment, 114 (55%) patients showed an abnormal ESS score (.10; CPAP nonresponders), whereas 94 (45%) showed a normal ESS score (,11; CPAP responders). Of the CPAP responders, none had a history of depression, whereas the converse was true for 38.8% of CPAP nonresponders. In addition, multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the independent predictors of residual excessive daytime sleepiness following CPAP therapy were a history of diabetes and heart disease, and a higher ESS score and lower RDI on initial assessment.In conclusion, predictors of residual excessive sleepiness in adequately CPAP-treated OSAS were a history of depression, diabetes and heart disease, and a higher ESS score and lower RDI on initial assessment.

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“…Diabetes was defined by a fasting glycaemia above 126 mg/dl [18] and impaired fasting glucose (IFG) as fasting glucose levels ≥110 mg/dl. Sleepiness was evaluated by the Greek version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale [19]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduction of Serum Retinol-Binding Protein-4 Levels in Nondiabetic Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients under Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

Nena

Steiropoulos²,

Τzouvelekis³

et al. 2010

Respiration

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Background: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is associated with impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance. Retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4) is an adipokine, hypothesized to induce insulin resistance. Objectives: The aim of the study was to explore the association between serum RBP-4 levels and OSAS severity in nondiabetic, adherent to therapy OSAS patients and to investigate the role of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in the alteration of RBP-4 levels. Methods: OSAS patients (n = 62) without comorbidities or medication use were included. Fasting RBP-4, glucose and insulin levels, HbA_1c, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance index and lipid profile were measured at baseline and after 6 months of CPAP use. Patients were divided into group A (with fasting glucose levels <110 mg/dl, n = 47), and group B (with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), i.e. fasting glucose levels ≧110 mg/dl, n = 15). Results: RBP-4 levels were not associated with apnea-related indices, anthropometric characteristics or markers of glycemic control, insulin resistance or lipid profile. In group A (but not in group B), a significant reduction was observed in RBP-4 (p = 0.046), HbA_1c (p = 0.005), LDL cholesterol (p = 0.034), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP, p = 0.033) levels after 6 months of CPAP use. Conclusions: RBP-4 levels were not correlated with sleep, anthropometric characteristics, markers of glycemic control and insulin sensitivity. OSAS patients without IFG respond well to CPAP use as evidenced by the significant reduction in RBP-4, HbA_1c and, additionally, hs-CRP and LDL- cholesterol levels. This treatment effect is not observed in patients with IFG.

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Greek Version of the Epworth Sleepiness Scale

Abstract: Our data validate the ESS for application in Greek-speaking populations. Despite relevant influences of language and cultural background, ESSgr is a valuable tool for clinical management and research.

Cited by 122 publications

References 8 publications

Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil

Portuguese-language version of the Epworth sleepiness scale: validation for use in Brazil

Predictors of residual sleepiness in adequately treated obstructive sleep apnoea patients

Reduction of Serum Retinol-Binding Protein-4 Levels in Nondiabetic Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients under Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment

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