Greedy scale,<i>Hemiberlesia rapax</i>(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), phenology on kiwifruit leaves and wood

Blank, Robert H.; Gill, G. S. C.; Upsdell, M.

doi:10.1080/01140671.1996.9513958

Cited by 16 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Previous studies have shown that spirotetramat does not affect scale insects through direct contact with the spray, but immature scale insects feeding on spirotetramat-treated vines fail to develop and there is a sustained effect on the survival of young scale insects that settle on treated wood (MG Hill, unpublished data). In autumn when the treatment sprays were applied, numbers of first and second instar scale insects are at a peak (Blank et al 1996). As such, autumn sprays of spirotetramat are effectively targeting the most vulnerable life stage, and as the results show, very few of these insects survived to maturity to produce crawlers in the following spring.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines

McKenna

Gaskin

Horgan

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Spirotetramat (Movento† ) is a phloem-and xylem-mobile insecticide developed and registered for use pre-flowering to control armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines in New Zealand. In a field study in 2010Á11, the effectiveness of a postharvest application was investigated. A single spray of spirotetramat plus adjuvant(s) reduced the percentage of scale-infested fruit from 49% on control vines to less than 7.5% on spirotetramat-sprayed vines 12 months later. No residues were detected in the fruit. Applying spirotetramat with a penetrating adjuvant (Engulf † ) provided the best result, with only 1.5% of the fruit infested. Despite the high pest pressure, counts of scale insect crawlers on sticky bands remained very low for 18 months after treatment. Uptake of spirotetramat into the mature kiwifruit leaves occurred in less than 24 h and was not affected by leaf age. Translocation out of the leaf was slow and decreased with leaf age, indicating that a postharvest spray should not be applied to canopies exhibiting advanced senescence. These results show that a single postharvest application of spirotetramat plus adjuvant(s) can provide excellent season-long control of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit while minimizing the risk to crop pollinators and the potential for residues in fruit.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines

McKenna

Gaskin

Horgan

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Both species exist as uniparental, parthenogenetic populations, having two generations per year. The second, summer generation infests fruit from January onwards to harvest (April to June) (Blank et al 1996;. The insects are ovoviviparous; the mobile, dispersal (crawler) stage that emerges from the egg beneath the adult's scale cap can survive for up to one day before it settles permanently, spinning a protective cap over itself which is firmly attached to the plant host and grows as the insect increases in size.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring resistance to armoured scale insects in kiwifruit (Actinidia) germplasm

Hill

Mauchline

Connolly

et al. 2010

New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A laboratory bioassay is described for measuring the resistance of kiwifruit vines to armoured scale insects (Hemiberlesia lataniae Signoret and Hemiberlesia rapax Comstock) using excised canes. The method measures the area of the scale cap using a template and compares relative cap sizes between genotypes. The method was tested for two species of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa [A. Chev.] C.F. Liang et A.R. Ferguson and Actinidia chinensis Planch.) using a range of experimental genotypes and two commercial varieties. Large differences in the susceptibility of the genotypes to H. lataniae were observed, but much smaller differences were observed for H. rapax. The bioassay method was tested by comparing results obtained with observations of armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines in the field. Sampling of simulated scale populations showed that differences in population mean scale cap areas of 0.3Á0.5 mm 2 could be detected with sample sizes of 50Á200. A bioassay of H. lataniae growth on an experimental genotype, comparing it with the commercial kiwifruit cultivars 'Hayward' and 'Hort16A' and using a template to categorize scale cap size into 0.2 mm 2 size categories, showed that the technique was quick, reliable and able to discriminate between kiwifruit varieties. This method could be easily adapted to test the susceptibility of germplasm from a variety of different horticultural plants to a wide range of armoured scale insect pests.

show abstract

“…Except that mature scale specimens were collected from several blocks in the Whangarei and Kerikeri districts of the Northland region on 109 and 44 sampling occasions respectively and identiÞed as detailed in Blank et al (1995a). Scale identiÞcations from these sites has been detailed elsewhere (Lo and Blank 1989;Blank et al 1992Blank et al , 1996.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a clear need for control strategies against scale as untreated vines may have up to 50% of the fruit crop contaminated with scale. Greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock), and latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), are the two most important and most common species found on kiwifruit leaves and fruit (Berry et al 1989;Lo and Blank 1989;Blank et al 1992Blank et al , 1996. Greedy scale is the dominant scale species found on kiwifruit in the Bay of Plenty and Nelson regions, and around Whangarei (35Њ 44Ј S, 174Њ 18Ј E) in the Northland region.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves

Blank

Gill²,

McKenna³

et al. 2000

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The spatial dispersion of armored scale insects; greedy scale, Hemiberlesia rapax (Comstock); and latania scale, Hemiberlesia lataniae (Signoret), was investigated on kiwifruit, Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chevalier) C. F. Liang et A. R. Ferguson, leaves in New Zealand. A universal description for dispersion was determined using Taylor's power law, which encompassed a wide range of different orchards, blocks, block sizes, sampling times, scale control practices, regions and seasons. Scale density significantly altered dispersion, especially at the high densities found on unsprayed kiwifruit. Most commercially managed kiwifruit blocks had low densities of <0.5 scale per leaf and had a slightly aggregated scale dispersion. Wilson and Room's binomial model, which incorporates a clumping pattern as a function of density, gave a significant relationship between the proportion of infested leaves and scale density. The optimal leaf sample sizes were estimated for predetermined levels of sampling reliability. Where population estimates require a high degree of precision and enumerative sampling methods are used, 2,500 leaves should be sampled when scale densities are near the current spray threshold of 4% infested leaves and 500 leaves at 20% infested leaves. For management-decision sampling, where a lower level of precision was acceptable, enumerative sampling would require that 400 leaves be sampled at 4%; or 85 leaves at 20% infested leaves. With binomial sampling to achieve an equivalent level of precision an increased sample size of 6-11% is required.

show abstract

Greedy scale,Hemiberlesia rapax(Hemiptera: Diaspididae), phenology on kiwifruit leaves and wood

Cited by 16 publications

References 18 publications

Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines

Efficacy of a postharvest spirotetramat spray against armoured scale insects on kiwifruit vines

Measuring resistance to armoured scale insects in kiwifruit (Actinidia) germplasm

Enumerative and Binomial Sampling Plans for Armored Scale (Homoptera: Diaspididae) on Kiwifruit Leaves

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About