Greater Activation in Left Hemisphere Language‐Related Regions During Simple Judgment Tasks Among Substance‐Dependent Patients in Treatment for Alcoholism

Gilman, Jodi M.; Davis, Megan B.; Hommer, Daniel W.

doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2009.01095.x

“…Nevertheless, while the link between insula and exclusion feelings has been repeatedly proposed in earlier studies, this increased insula activation during social exclusion among ADS could also partly be due to increased negative emotions rather than to enhanced social exclusion feelings per se. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that ADS present increased insula activation during non-social negative emotional situations, as compared with CS (Bjork et al, 2008;Gilman et al, 2010). The specificity of this insula activation for the social nature of the task can thus not be totally proven on the basis of the present results; (2) reduced right VPFC-MFG activations, suggesting an impaired inhibition of social exclusion feelings (Eisenberger et al, 2003;Onoda et al, 2010;Bolling et al, 2011;Masten et al, 2011;Gunther-Moor et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 63%

Disrupted Regulation of Social Exclusion in Alcohol-Dependence: An fMRI Study

Maurage

¹

,

Joassin

²

,

Philippot

³

et al. 2012

Neuropsychopharmacol

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Alcohol-dependence is associated with cognitive and biological alterations, and also with interpersonal impairments. Although overwhelming in clinical settings and involved in relapse, these social impairments have received little attention from researchers. Particularly, brain alterations related to social exclusion have not been explored in alcohol-dependence. Our primary purpose was to determine the neural correlates of social exclusion feelings in this population. In all, 44 participants (22 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients and 22 paired controls) played a virtual game ('cyberball') during fMRI recording. They were first included by other players, then excluded, and finally re-included. Brain areas involved in social exclusion were identified and the functional connectivity between these areas was explored using psycho-physiological interactions (PPI). Results showed that while both groups presented dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activations during social exclusion, alcohol-dependent participants exhibited increased insula and reduced frontal activations (in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) as compared with controls. Alcohol-dependence was also associated with persistent dACC and parahippocampal gyrus activations in re-inclusion. PPI analyses showed reduced frontocingulate connectivity during social exclusion in alcohol-dependence. Alcohol-dependence is thus linked with increased activation in areas eliciting social exclusion feelings (dACC-insula), and with impaired ability to inhibit these feelings (indexed by reduced frontal activations). Altered frontal regulation thus appears implied in the interpersonal alterations observed in alcohol-dependence, which seem reinforced by impaired frontocingulate connectivity. This first exploration of the neural correlates of interpersonal problems in alcohol-dependence could initiate the development of a social neuroscience of addictive states.

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“…Nevertheless, while the link between insula and exclusion feelings has been repeatedly proposed in earlier studies, this increased insula activation during social exclusion among ADS could also partly be due to increased negative emotions rather than to enhanced social exclusion feelings per se. Indeed, earlier studies have shown that ADS present increased insula activation during non-social negative emotional situations, as compared with CS (Bjork et al, 2008;Gilman et al, 2010). The specificity of this insula activation for the social nature of the task can thus not be totally proven on the basis of the present results; (2) reduced right VPFC-MFG activations, suggesting an impaired inhibition of social exclusion feelings (Eisenberger et al, 2003;Onoda et al, 2010;Bolling et al, 2011;Masten et al, 2011;Gunther-Moor et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Disrupted regulation of social exclusion in alcohol-dependence: An FMRI study

Maurage

¹

,

Joassin

²

,

Philippot

³

et al. 2013

Neurophysiologie Clinique/Clinical Neurophysiology

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Alcohol-dependence is associated with cognitive and biological alterations, and also with interpersonal impairments. Although overwhelming in clinical settings and involved in relapse, these social impairments have received little attention from researchers. Particularly, brain alterations related to social exclusion have not been explored in alcohol-dependence. Our primary purpose was to determine the neural correlates of social exclusion feelings in this population. In all, 44 participants (22 abstinent alcohol-dependent patients and 22 paired controls) played a virtual game ('cyberball') during fMRI recording. They were first included by other players, then excluded, and finally re-included. Brain areas involved in social exclusion were identified and the functional connectivity between these areas was explored using psycho-physiological interactions (PPI). Results showed that while both groups presented dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activations during social exclusion, alcohol-dependent participants exhibited increased insula and reduced frontal activations (in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex) as compared with controls. Alcohol-dependence was also associated with persistent dACC and parahippocampal gyrus activations in re-inclusion. PPI analyses showed reduced frontocingulate connectivity during social exclusion in alcohol-dependence. Alcohol-dependence is thus linked with increased activation in areas eliciting social exclusion feelings (dACC-insula), and with impaired ability to inhibit these feelings (indexed by reduced frontal activations). Altered frontal regulation thus appears implied in the interpersonal alterations observed in alcohol-dependence, which seem reinforced by impaired frontocingulate connectivity. This first exploration of the neural correlates of interpersonal problems in alcohol-dependence could initiate the development of a social neuroscience of addictive states.

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“…Another study reported that alcoholics activated more frontal, limbic, and temporal regions relative to controls when they had to make judgments about whether they liked or disliked an image. Activations were higher in individuals with AUD in the frontal lobe and in areas of the brain associated with language (Gilman et al, 2010).…”

Section: Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cutoff for performance estimated with accuracy¼ 50% of good responses; p < 0.05 FDR corrected and k > 10 voxels. Neuroimaging studies have also provided evidence for compensatory mechanisms during emotional processing by chronic alcoholics (Gilman, Davis, & Hommer, 2010;Marinkovic et al, 2009). BOLD activity was investigated when subjects saw emotionally charged words and photographs of faces during deep (semantic) and shallow (perceptual) encoding tasks followed by a recognition task.…”

Section: Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%