GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst

A., Williams, Maia; Kennea, J. A.; Dichiara, S.; Kobayashi, Kohei; Iwakiri, W.; Beardmore, A. P.; Evans, P. A.; Heinz, Sebastian; Lien, A. Y.; Oates, S. R.; Negoro, H.; Cenko, S. Bradley; Buisson, D. J. K.; Hartmann, D. H.; Jaisawal, Gaurava K.; Kuin, N. P. M.; Lesage, S.; Page, K. L.; Parsotan, Tyler; Pasham, Dheeraj; Sbarufatti, B.; Siegel, M. H.; Sugita, S.; Younes, George; Ambrosi, E.; Arzoumanian, Zaven; Bernardini, M. G.; Campana, S.; Capalbi, M.; Caputo, R.; D’Aí, A.; D’Avanzo, P.; D’Elia, V.; Pasquale, M. de; Eyles-Ferris, R. A. J.; Ferrara, E. C.; Gendreau, Keith C.; Gropp, J. D.; Kawai, N.; Klingler, N. J.; Aggarwal, K. M.; Melandri, A.; Mihara, T.; Moss, M. J.; O’Brien, P. T.; Osborne, J. P.; Palmer, D. M.; Perri, M.; Serino, M.; Сонбас, Э.; Stamatikos, M.; Starling, R. L. C.; Tagliaferri, G.; Tohuvavohu, A.; Zane, S.; Ziaeepour, H.

doi:10.3847/2041-8213/acbcd1

Cited by 64 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(78 reference statements)

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“…The fitting result is shown in Figure 1. Currently, some works present results of the extinction values of GRB 221009A and find some significant influence from the host galaxy (e.g., Kann et al 2023;Levan et al 2023;Williams et al 2023). Our results may differ owing to the lack of UV band in the data we used, due to the broken power-law spectral index differing from the prediction based on the synchrotron radiation mechanism.…”

Section: Joint Spectral Analysis Of X-ray and Optical Bandmentioning

confidence: 50%

The Possibility of Modeling the Very High Energy Afterglow of GRB 221009A in a Wind Environment

Ren

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ApJ

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In this paper, we model the dynamics and radiation physics of the rarity event GRB 221009A afterglow in detail. By introducing a top-hat jet that propagates in an environment dominated by stellar winds, we explain the publicly available observations of afterglow associated with GRB 221009A over the first week. It is predicted that GRB 221009A emits a luminous very high energy afterglow based on the synchrotron self-Compton (SSC) process in our model. We show the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED) analysis results of GRB 221009A and find that the SSC radiation component of GRB 221009A is very bright in the 0.1–10 TeV band. The integrated SED shows that the SSC emission in the TeV band has detection sensitivity significantly higher than that of LHASSO, MAGIC, and CTA. However, since the release of further observations, deviations from the standard wind environment model have gradually shown up in data. For example, the late-time multiband afterglow cannot be consistently explained under the standard wind environment scenario. It may be necessary to consider modeling with a structured jet with complex geometry or a partial revision of the standard model. Furthermore, we find that the inclusion of GeV observations could break the degeneracy between model parameters, highlighting the significance of high-energy observations in determining accurate parameters for GRB afterglows.

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Section: Joint Spectral Analysis Of X-ray and Optical Bandmentioning

confidence: 50%

The Possibility of Modeling the Very High Energy Afterglow of GRB 221009A in a Wind Environment

Ren

Wang

Zhang

et al. 2023

ApJ

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“…The optical detection was somewhat remarkable, as the transient lies in the Galactic plane, and extinction along the line of sight is very high, E (B−V ) = 1.32 mag/A V = 4.1 mag (Schlafly & Finkbeiner 2011, hereafter SF11). It was furthermore reported that the source was also detected more than 10 minutes earlier by the Gas Slit Camera of the MAXI X-ray detector on board the International Space Station (Negoro et al 2022;Kobayashi et al 2022;Williams et al 2023). Overall, this is in agreement with a new Galactic transient.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 54%

GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A: The Standard Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyperluminous Gamma-Ray Burst—In Gedenken an David Alexander Kann

Канн

Agayeva

Aivazyan

et al. 2023

ApJL

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Object GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) detected in more than 50 yr of study. In this paper, we present observations in the X-ray and optical domains obtained by the GRANDMA Collaboration and the Insight Collaboration. We study the optical afterglow with empirical fitting using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE data sets augmented with data from the literature up to 60 days. We then model numerically using a Bayesian approach, and we find that the GRB afterglow, extinguished by a large dust column, is most likely behind a combination of a large Milky Way dust column and moderate low-metallicity dust in the host galaxy. Using the GRANDMA+HXMT-LE+XRT data set, we find that the simplest model, where the observed afterglow is produced by synchrotron radiation at the forward external shock during the deceleration of a top-hat relativistic jet by a uniform medium, fits the multiwavelength observations only moderately well, with a tension between the observed temporal and spectral evolution. This tension is confirmed when using the augmented data set. We find that the consideration of a jet structure (Gaussian or power law), the inclusion of synchrotron self-Compton emission, or the presence of an underlying supernova do not improve the predictions. Placed in the global context of GRB optical afterglows, we find that the afterglow of GRB 221009A is luminous but not extraordinarily so, highlighting that some aspects of this GRB do not deviate from the global known sample despite its extreme energetics and the peculiar afterglow evolution.

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“…The isotropic energy from this event is still to be confirmed, but initial estimates suggest it is E iso ∼ 1-6 × 10 54 [95,97,102,103], close to that of GRB 160625B [102]. Since Swift/BAT triggered on the afterglow emission (the first time in 18 years) rather than the prompt gamma-ray emission, Swift/UVOT observations only began an hour after the Fermi trigger [104]. In addition, due to the GRB's closeness to the Galactic plane, the optical/UV emission is affected by significant galactic extinction (A v 4 mag increasing in the UV to an A uvw2 10 mag).…”

Section: Record-breaking Grbsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Given these restrictions, GRB 221009A was still detected in the initial Swift/UVOT v image at 16.6 mag, and marginally detected in uvw1. Such a nearby and bright event is only expected once in 1000 years [104]. The results of the detailed analysis of this GRB are starting to be published; see [91,.…”

Section: Record-breaking Grbsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Swift/UVOT: 18 Years of Long GRB Discoveries and Advances

Oates

2023

Universe

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The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory (Swift) has been in operation for 18 years. The Ultra-Violet/Optical Telescope (UVOT) onboard Swift was designed to capture the earliest optical/UV emission from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs), spanning the first few minutes to days after the prompt gamma-ray emission. In this article, we provide an overview of the long GRBs (whose prompt gamma-ray duration is >2 s) observed by the Swift/UVOT, and review the major discoveries that have been achieved by the Swift/UVOT over the last 18 years. We discuss where improvements have been made to our knowledge and understanding of the optical/UV emission, particularly the early optical/UV afterglow.

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GRB 221009A: Discovery of an Exceptionally Rare Nearby and Energetic Gamma-Ray Burst

Cited by 64 publications

References 65 publications

The Possibility of Modeling the Very High Energy Afterglow of GRB 221009A in a Wind Environment

The Possibility of Modeling the Very High Energy Afterglow of GRB 221009A in a Wind Environment

GRANDMA and HXMT Observations of GRB 221009A: The Standard Luminosity Afterglow of a Hyperluminous Gamma-Ray Burst—In Gedenken an David Alexander Kann

Swift/UVOT: 18 Years of Long GRB Discoveries and Advances

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