GRB 221009A: A Light Dark Matter Burst or an Extremely Bright Inverse Compton Component?

González, M. M.; Rojas, D. Avila; Pratts, Alvaro; Hernández, S.; Fraija, N.; Alfaro, R.; Araujo, Yunior Pérez; Montes, Jorge Alexis

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/acb700

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(87 reference statements)

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“…This new discovery opened the observation window of γ-ray emissions of GRBs in the TeV band and confirmed the new radiation mechanism expected by the model, named the IC process (Mészáros & Rees 1994;Dermer et al 2000;Sari & Esin 2001;Zhang & Mészáros 2001). Those discoveries shined a new light on the central engine and radiation mechanism and probed new physics such as LIV and Dark Matter (DM) (Amelino-Camelia et al 1998;Nakagawa et al 2023;González et al 2023). It is unfortunate that the γ-ray emissions at TeV energy were only observed at the afterglow phase of LGRBs.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prospects for detection rate of very-high-energy γ-ray emissions from short γ-ray bursts with the HADAR experiment

Chen¹,

Hu²,

Su³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The observation of short gamma ray bursts (SGRBs) in the TeV energy range plays an important role in understanding the radiation mechanism and probing new areas of physics such as Lorentz invariance violation. However, no SGRB has been observed in this energy range due to the short duration of SGRBs and the weakness of current experiments. New experiments with new technology are required to detect sub-TeV SGRBs. In this work, we observe the very high energy (VHE) γray emissions from SGRBs and calculate the annual detection rate with the High Altitude Detection of Astronomical Radiation HADAR (HADAR) experiment. First, a set of pseudo-SGRB samples is generated and checked using the observations of Fermi-GBM, Fermi-LAT, and SWIFT measurements. The annual detection rate is calculated from these SGRB samples based on the performance of the HADAR instrument. As a result, the HADAR experiment can detect 0.5 SGRB per year if the spectral break-off of γ-rays caused by the internal absorption is larger than 100 GeV. For a GRB09010-like GRB in HADAR's view, it should be possible to detect approximately 2000 photons considering the internal absorption. With a time delay assumption due to the Lorentz invariance violation effects, a simulated light curve of GRB090510 has evident energy dependence. We hope that the HADAR experiment can perform the SGRB observations and test our calculations in the future.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Prospects for detection rate of very-high-energy γ-ray emissions from short γ-ray bursts with the HADAR experiment

Chen¹,

Hu²,

Su³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…Most interestingly, the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) reported more than 5000 very-high-energy photons within the first ∼2000 s after the burst trigger with energies above 500 GeV all the way to 18 TeV, making them the most energetic photons ever observed from a GRB (Huang et al 2022). Various physical models and radiation mechanisms have been proposed to explain the observed 18 TeV photon (Baktash et al 2022;Brdar & Li 2023;Carenza & Marsh 2022;Finke & Razzaque 2023;Galanti et al 2022;González et al 2023;Li & Ma 2023;Ren et al 2023;Sahu et al 2023;Smirnov & Trautner 2022;Troitsky 2022;Xia et al 2022;Zhang et al 2023;Zhao et al 2023;Zheng et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties

Lin

Liu

Xiao

et al. 2023

ApJL

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The gamma-ray burst GRB 221009A, known as the “brightest of all time,” is the closest energetic burst detected so far, with an energy of E γ,iso ∼ 1055 erg. This study aims to assess its compatibility with known GRB energy and luminosity distributions. Our analysis indicates that the energy/luminosity function of GRBs is consistent across various redshift intervals, and that the inclusion of GRB 221009A does not significantly impact the function at low redshifts. Additionally, our evaluation of the best-fitting result of the entire GRB sample suggests that the expected number of GRBs with energy greater than 1055 erg at a low redshift is 0.2, so that the emergence of GRB 221009A is consistent with expected energy/luminosity functions within ∼2σ Poisson fluctuation error, still adhering to the principles of small number statistics. Furthermore, we find that GRB 221009A and other energetic bursts, defined as E γ,iso ≳ 1054 erg, exhibit no significant differences in terms of distributions of T 90, minimum timescale, Amati relation, E γ,iso–E X,iso relation, L γ,iso–Γ0 relation, E γ,iso–Γ0 relation, L γ,iso–E p,i–Γ0 relation, and host galaxy properties, compared to normal long GRBs. This suggests that energetic GRBs (including GRB 221009A) and other long GRBs likely have similar progenitor systems and undergo similar energy dissipation and radiation processes. The generation of energetic GRBs may be due to more extreme central engine properties or, more likely, a rarer viewing configuration of a quasi-universal structured jet.

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“…This process is a natural by-product of the classical synchrotronemission model, and can account for emission in this energy band. However, it is not clear yet whether this model can explain the broadband data (at all wavelengths), given the strong constraints on the TeV band flux from radio, optical, and X-ray data (González et al 2023;Miceli & Nava 2022). Furthermore, this model cannot explain the 10 TeV energy photons (Huang et al 2022) originally claimed to be observed (González et al 2023;Ren et al 2023;Laskar et al 2023a;Das & Razzaque 2023;Kann et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not clear yet whether this model can explain the broadband data (at all wavelengths), given the strong constraints on the TeV band flux from radio, optical, and X-ray data (González et al 2023;Miceli & Nava 2022). Furthermore, this model cannot explain the 10 TeV energy photons (Huang et al 2022) originally claimed to be observed (González et al 2023;Ren et al 2023;Laskar et al 2023a;Das & Razzaque 2023;Kann et al 2023). On the other hand, it is not clear if photons at these energies were detected 3 and required to explain the observed spectra (LHAASO- Collaboration et al 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Emission Modeling of GRB 221009A: Shedding Light on TeV Emission Origins in Long GRBs

Isravel,

Bégué,

Pe’er

2023

ApJ

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Observations of long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) with TeV emission during their afterglow have been on the rise. Recently, GRB 221009A, the most energetic GRB ever observed, was detected by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory experiment in the energy band 0.2–7 TeV. Here, we interpret its afterglow in the context of a hybrid model in which the TeV spectral component is explained by the proton-synchrotron process while the low-energy emission from optical to X-ray is due to synchrotron radiation from electrons. We constrained the model parameters using the observed optical, X-ray, and TeV data. By comparing the parameters of this burst and of GRB 190114C, we deduce that the VHE emission at energies ≥1 TeV in the GRB afterglow requires large explosion kinetic energy, E ≳ 1054 erg and a reasonable circumburst density, n ≳ 10 cm−3. This results in a small injection fraction of particles accelerated to a power law, ∼10−2. A significant fraction of shock energy must be allocated to a near equipartition magnetic field, ϵ B ∼ 10−1, while electrons should only carry a small fraction of this energy, ϵ e ∼ 10−3. Under these conditions required for a proton-synchrotron model, namely ϵ B ≫ ϵ e , the SSC component is substantially subdominant over proton-synchrotron as a source of TeV photons. These results lead us to suggest that proton-synchrotron process is a strong contender for the radiative mechanisms explaining GRB afterglows in the TeV band.

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GRB 221009A: A Light Dark Matter Burst or an Extremely Bright Inverse Compton Component?

Cited by 21 publications

References 88 publications

Prospects for detection rate of very-high-energy γ-ray emissions from short γ-ray bursts with the HADAR experiment

Prospects for detection rate of very-high-energy γ-ray emissions from short γ-ray bursts with the HADAR experiment

GRB 221009A: An Ordinary Nearby GRB with Extraordinary Observational Properties

Hybrid Emission Modeling of GRB 221009A: Shedding Light on TeV Emission Origins in Long GRBs

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