GRB 090417b and Its Host Galaxy: A Step Toward an Understanding of Optically Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts

Holland, S. T.; Sbarufatti, B.; Shen, Rong-Feng; Schady, P.; Cummings, J. R.; Fonseca, Emmanuel; Fynbo, J. P. U.; Jakobsson, P.; Leitet, E.; Linné, Staffan; Roming, P. W. A.; Still, M.; Zhang, Bing

doi:10.1088/0004-637x/717/1/223

Cited by 56 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 77 publications

(85 reference statements)

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“…Later an optically dark burst, GRB090417B, showed significant softening after 2 10 s 4´s ince the burst trigger (Holland et al 2010). Very recently a similar spectral softening was also reported in GRB130925A (Evans et al 2014;Zhao & Shao 2014).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

“…To successfully interpret the seemingly very complicated afterglow light curves, it would take great effort to develop the external shock models (e.g., Li et al 2015;Wang et al 2015). Alternatively, for the X-ray afterglows that have shallow decay in the light curves and softening in the spectra, an X-ray scattering scenario (Shao & Dai 2007) has been proposed to nicely reproduce both the light curves and spectral evolution (Shao et al 2008;Holland et al 2010;Evans et al 2014;Zhao & Shao 2014). In this scenario a severe optical extinction would also be predicted (Shen et al 2009).…”

Section: Modeling Light Curves and Spectral Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On the Late-Time Spectral Softening Found in X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Wang

Zhao

Shao

et al. 2016

ApJ

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Strong spectral softening has been revealed in the late X-ray afterglows of some gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The scenario of X-ray scattering around the circumburst dusty medium has been supported by previous works due to its overall successful prediction of both the temporal and spectral evolution of some X-ray afterglows. To further investigate the observed feature of spectral softening we now systematically search the X-ray afterglows detected by the X-ray telescope aboard Swift and collect 12 GRBs with significant late-time spectral softening. We find that dust scattering could be the dominant radiative mechanism for these X-ray afterglows regarding their temporal and spectral features. For some well-observed bursts with high-quality data, the time-resolved spectra could be wellproduced within the scattering scenario by taking into account the X-ray absorption from the circumburst medium. We also find that during spectral softening the power-law index in the high-energy end of the spectra does not vary much. The spectral softening is mainly manifested by the spectral peak energy continually moving to the soft end.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Section: Modeling Light Curves and Spectral Evolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Late-Time Spectral Softening Found in X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Wang

Zhao

Shao

et al. 2016

ApJ

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“…However, GRB 020819 is the first case with known redshift and a well-constrained high extinction value for the entire galaxy. A similar case is that of GRB 090417B (z = 0.345) for which Holland et al (2010) measure A V ∼ 3.5 mag based on the UV and optical SED of this dark GRB host. The high hostgalaxy extinctions of these low-redshift dark GRBs also show that while the dust extinction is one of the main reasons for the darkness of low-redshift bursts, at high-redshift (z > 1) the dust extinction required to dim the afterglow is not that high.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 75%

Highly extinguished host galaxy of the dark GRB 020819

Yoldaş¹,

Greiner²,

Klose³

et al. 2010

A&A

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We analyse the properties of the host galaxy of the optically dark gamma-ray burst (GRB) 020819 (z = 0.41) and discuss the possible implications in the context of "dark" GRBs. We present g r i z JHK photometry of the host galaxy and fit the broad spectral energy distribution including the public Spitzer IRAC data using stellar population models. The broad spectral energy distribution (SED) indicates a high extinction, A V ∼ 1.8-2.6 mag, for this relatively massive galaxy. This is the highest global extinction for a GRB host galaxy with a robust spectroscopic redshift. The properties of the host galaxy are indicative of dusty, intense star-formation, which differ from those of the current sample of GRB hosts. This implies that the dust extinction is one of the main reasons for the darkness of low-redshift bursts and that the long GRB host population is far more diverse than previously anticipated.

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“…Most of them are precursors (i.e., peaks preceding the main GRB event), but Burlon et al (2008) report on the case of GRB 060210 where two postcursors are observed 60 and 150 s after the end of the main burst. There is no clear example with later time (t ≥ 1500 s) post-cursors, although faint late-time peaks are hardly detectable by BAT (see Holland et al 2010, for a possible candidate). This late-time activity of the central engine could likely be detectable in the X-rays as a peak/flare in the XRT light-curve around the new value of t 0,2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the nature of the extremely fast optical rebrightening of the afterglow of GRB 081029

Nardini

Greiner

Krühler

et al. 2011

A&A

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Context. After the launch of the Swift satellite, the gamma-ray burst (GRB) optical light-curve smoothness paradigm has been questioned thanks to the faster and better sampled optical follow-up, which has unveiled a very complex behaviour. This complexity is triggering the interest of the whole GRB community. The GROND multi-channel imager is used to study optical and near-infrared (NIR) afterglows of GRBs with unprecedented optical and near-infrared temporal and spectral resolution. The GRB 081029 has a very prominent optical rebrightening event and is an outstanding example of the application of the multi-channel imager to GRB afterglows. Aims. Here we exploit the rich GROND multi-colour follow-up of GRB 081029 combined with XRT observations to study the nature of late-time rebrightenings that appear in the optical-NIR light-curves of some GRB afterglows. Methods. We analyse the optical and NIR observations obtained with the seven-channel Gamma-Ray burst Optical and Near-infrared Detector (GROND) at the 2.2 m MPI/ESO telescope and the X-ray data obtained with the XRT telescope on board the Swift observatory. The multi-wavelength temporal and spectral evolution is discussed in the framework of different physical models. Results. The extremely steep optical and NIR rebrightening observed in GRB 081029 cannot be explained in the framework of the standard forward shock afterglow model. The absence of a contemporaneous X-ray rebrightening and the evidence of a strong spectral evolution in the optical-NIR bands during the rise suggest two separate components that dominate in the early and late-time lightcurves, respectively. The steepness of the optical rise cannot be explained even in the framework of the alternative scenarios proposed in the literature unless a late-time activity of the central engine is assumed.

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GRB 090417b and Its Host Galaxy: A Step Toward an Understanding of Optically Dark Gamma-Ray Bursts

Cited by 56 publications

References 77 publications

On the Late-Time Spectral Softening Found in X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts

On the Late-Time Spectral Softening Found in X-Ray Afterglows of Gamma-Ray Bursts

Highly extinguished host galaxy of the dark GRB 020819

On the nature of the extremely fast optical rebrightening of the afterglow of GRB 081029

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