Grazing Research in the Humid East: A Historical Perspective

Burns, J. C.

doi:10.2135/cropsci2005.0185

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 78 publications

(79 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The TMR system allowed feed ingredients to be blended together and providing the blend was mixed thoroughly enough to prevent separation and sorting, cows consumed a nutritionally balanced diet in every bite. Following this trend, the average milk production per cow increased from about 3200 kg in 1960 to 8890 kg in 2005(National Agricultural Statistics Service, 2006.…”

Section: The Use Of Pasture In High-producing Dairy Cow Feeding Systementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The findings from the first replicated grazing trials using lactating dairy cows, however, were not published until the mid 50s (Seath et al, 1956;Lassiter et al, 1956;both articles cited by Burns, 2005). Seath et al (1956), from the University of Kentucky, Lexington, reported total digestible nutrients (TDN) yield per surface unit, milk production persistency, and body weight changes for lactating dairy cows.…”

Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Vibart

Fellner

Burns

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two, 8-week experiments, each using 30 lactating Holstein cows, were conducted to examine performance of animals offered combinations of total mixed ration (TMR) and high-quality pasture. Experiment 1 was initiated in mid October 2004 and Experiment 2 was initiated in late March 2005. Cows were assigned to either a 100% TMR diet (100:00, no access to pasture) or one of the following three formulated partial mixed rations (PMR) targeted at (1) 85% TMR and 15% pasture, (2) 70% TMR and 30% pasture and (3) 55% TMR and 45% pasture. Based on actual TMR and pasture intake, the dietary TMR and pasture proportions of the three PMR in Experiment 1 were 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21), 68% TMR and 32% pasture (68:32), and 59% TMR and 41% pasture (59:41), respectively. Corresponding proportions in Experiment 2 were 89% TMR and 11% pasture (89:11), 79% TMR and 21% pasture (79:21) and 65% TMR and 35% pasture (65:35), respectively. Reducing the proportion of TMR in the diets increased pasture consumption of cows on all PMR, but reduced total dry matter intake compared with cows on 100:00. An increase in forage from pasture increased the concentration of conjugated linoleic acids and decreased the concentration of saturated fatty acids in milk. Although milk and milk protein yields from cows grazing spring pastures (Experiment 2) increased with increasing intakes of TMR, a partial mixed ration that was composed of 41% pasture grazed in the fall (Experiment 1) resulted in a similar overall lactation performance with increased feed efficiency compared to an all-TMR ration.

show abstract

Section: The Use Of Pasture In High-producing Dairy Cow Feeding Systementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Dairy Grazing Research In Eastern Usmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Vibart

Fellner

Burns

et al. 2008

Journal of Dairy Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Thus, as a function of assessing individual and combined components of plants and animals, scientists representing 2 or more disciplines within a university or with other research institutions are collaborating to meet common objectives. A research structure of funding, direction, and accountability must overlay disciplinary "boundary lines" and bring together scientists with a common goal and vision (Burns, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ASAS Centennial Paper: Future needs of research and extension in forage utilization

Rouquette

Redmon

Aiken

et al. 2009

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Forage-animal production agriculture is implementing infrastructure changes and management strategies to adjust to increased energy-related costs of fuel, feed grains, fertilizers, and seeds. The primary objectives of this position paper are to assess future research and extension scientific needs in forage utilization, financial support for the discipline, and changing status and number of scientists. A survey questionnaire returned from 25 land-grant universities in the eastern half of the United States rated the top 4 research needs as 1) pasture systems and efficiency of production; 2) interfacing with energy concerns; 3) forage cultivar evaluations and persistence; and 4) environment impacts. Plant-animal future research needs at 11 USDA-ARS regional locations are targeted at sustainable management and improved livestock performance, ecophysiology and ecology of grasslands, environment impacts, and improved technologies for nutritive value assessments. Extension scientists from 17 southern and northeastern states listed the top 3 needs as forage persistence, soil fertility and nutrient management, and pasture systems and efficiency of production. Grant funds currently provide more than 40% of land-grant university research and extension efforts in forage utilization, and scientists estimate that this support base will increase to 55 to 60% of the funding total by 2013. Reduced allocation of state and federal funding has contributed to a reduction in the number of full-time equivalent (FTE) scientists engaged in forage utilization research and extension activities. The current 25 state FTE conducting research number about 2.8 per state. This includes 10 states with >3, 11 states with <2, and 3 states with <1 FTE. Increased interest in cellulosic energy, climate change, and environmental impact may offer new opportunities for these FTE to participate in integrated cross-discipline research Extension programming, and technology transfer methods will change to accommodate reduced funding but with increasing numbers of novice, recreation-oriented landowners.

show abstract

“…The lack of public funding for sustained programs of sufficient size and depth to realistically conduct whole systems research is a significant constraint. These are the same constraints cited by Burns (2006) related to grazing research in the humid eastern USA. Multidisciplinary teams supported by the USDA in cooperation with land grant universities will be critical to advancements in our understanding of integrated croplivestock systems and how to manage them for the good of society.…”

Section: Constraints To Adoption and Research Needsmentioning

confidence: 60%

Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in the U.S. Corn Belt

2007

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural production systems in North America have become increasingly specialized. The lack of diversification has had negative economic, biological, and environmental consequences. One alternative approach to diversify agricultural production is to integrate cash grain cropping with ruminant livestock production. Our objective was to review research applicable to development of diversified croplivestock systems in the U.S. Corn Belt and discuss research priorities and constraints to adoption of those systems. One form of integration becoming more common in the U.S. Corn Belt occurs through contractual arrangements between spatially separated, specialized crop and livestock production farms. Less common is the spatial and temporal integration of crops and livestock on the same land base, which can occur via rotations of grain crops with perennial pastures, short rotations of grain crops with annual or short-season pastures, and utilization of grain crop residues for livestock grazing. We feel this latter model is truer to the concept of diversification. Based on published research and preliminary results from an integrated crop-livestock system project in Illinois, we suggest that integration of crops and livestock on the same land base offers tremendous potential to diversify farm ecosystems in the U.S. Corn Belt while being economically competitive and more environmentally compatible than prevailing specialized production systems. Although studies have addressed or are applicable to components of crop-livestock systems in humidcool environments, there remains a need for systems level research and funding opportunities for addressing the complex environmentplant-animal-economic-social interactions associated with integrated crop-livestock systems.

show abstract

Grazing Research in the Humid East: A Historical Perspective

Cited by 11 publications

References 78 publications

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

Performance of lactating dairy cows fed varying levels of total mixed ration and pasture

ASAS Centennial Paper: Future needs of research and extension in forage utilization

Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems in the U.S. Corn Belt

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About