Grazing of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans on the paralytic toxin-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: Does grazing eliminate cells during a bloom?

Bustillos-Guzmán, José J.; Band‐Schmidt, Christine J.; López-Cortés, David J.; Hernández-Sandoval, Francisco E.; Núñez-Vázquez, Erick J.; Gárate-Lizárraga, Ismael

doi:10.7773/cm.v39i3.2242

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Few studies have been performed in LAm to understand the effect of planktonic species on its growth and survival. In the GOLCA, grazing studies have been performed with the copepod Acartia clausi and the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans, demonstrating that both are important predators of the dinoflagellate, suggesting they have an important ecological role in the regulation of its blooms (Palomares- Bustillos-Guzmán et al, 2013). It was also demonstrated the allelopathic effect of the raphidophyte Chattonella marina var.…”

Section: Autoecology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

et al. 2019

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In this review we summarize the current state of knowledge regarding taxonomy, bloom dynamics, toxicity, autoecology, and trophic interactions, of saxitoxin producing dinoflagellates in this region. The dinoflagellates Gymnodinium catenatum, Pyrodinium bahamense and several species of Alexandrium are saxitoxin producers, and have been responsible of paralytic shellfish poisoning in different regions of Latin America, causing intoxications and important fisheries losses. The species distribution differ; most harmful algal blooms of G. catenatum are from the northern region, however this species has also been reported in central and southern regions. Blooms of P. bahamense are mostly reported in North and Central America, while blooms of Alexandrium species are more common in South America, however this genus is widely spread in Latin America. Species and regional differences are contrasted, with the aim to contribute to future guidelines for an international scientific approach for research and monitoring activities that are needed to increase our understanding of paralytic toxin producing dinoflagellates in this region.

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Section: Autoecology Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

et al. 2019

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“…This phenomenon has detrimental impacts on aquaculture and aquatic environments [6][7][8]. Furthermore, the food vacuoles of N. scintillans contain toxigenic microalgae, indicating the potential role of N. scintillans as a carrier of phycotoxins to higher trophic levels [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Noctiluca scintillans and Three Co-Occurring Microalgae in Response to Varying Nutrient Levels

Wang,

Mao,

et al. 2024

Diversity

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The dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans is a globally distributed bloom-forming species. Previous studies have shown that the primary reason for the frequent occurrence of N. scintillans blooms may be the proliferation of microalgae due to eutrophication, which provides a sufficient source of food. Meanwhile, N. scintillans may release nutrients into the environment, thus affecting the population dynamics of microalgae. Thus, to investigate the interaction between N. scintillans and co-occurring microalgae, this study examined the population dynamics of N. scintillans and their interaction with three representative microalgae species in response to varying nutrient levels. The findings indicate that the growth of N. scintillans is slow when co-cultured with diatom Skeletonema costatum. Moreover, a high density and rapid growth rate of S. costatum may have an inhibitory effect on the growth of N. scintillans. Conversely, the population abundance of N. scintillans increased with the rise in the population density and nutritional level of Heterocapsa steinii (dinoflagellate) and Heterosigma akashiwo (raphidophyceae). Notably, N. scintillans can discharge specific nutrients into the aquatic environment, which can subsequently be assimilated and exploited by H. steinii. Thus, the interaction between the species and population dynamics of plankton, as well as changes in nutrient levels within the ecosystem, played a significant role in influencing the growth and population dynamics of N. scintillans. The mutualistic association between N. scintillans and microalgae may establish a transient closed loop, thereby fostering the sustained proliferation and subsequent expansion of N. scintillans.

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“…In the case of toxic phytoplankton, a defensive mechanism against grazers and competitors is the most plausible hypothesis for the evolution of their toxins and the negative allelopathic effects played by these and other secondary metabolites [22]. Nevertheless, few studies have examined this issue in mixed cultures of N. scintillans [8,9,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that N. scintillans does not discriminate between toxic and non-toxic prey, its potential role as a vector of marine biotoxins in the food web has been suggested [ 11 ], from mainly exerting top-down control during most of its pelagic life to fueling bottom-up processes due to the liberation of intracellular nutrients during senescence [ 12 ]. It may also have some influence on the population dynamics of harmful algae [ 13 ]. This can be especially intense during the massive summer blooms of N. scintillans .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-Term Interactions of Noctiluca scintillans with the Toxic Dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and Alexandrium minutum: Growth, Toxins and Allelopathic Effects

Garrido

Riobó

Rial

et al. 2023

Toxins

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The Galician Rías (NW Iberian Peninsula) are an important shellfish aquaculture area periodically affected by toxic episodes often caused by dinoflagellates such as Dinophysis acuminata and Alexandrium minutum, among others. In turn, water discolorations are mostly associated with non-toxic organisms such as the heterotrophic dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans, a voracious non-selective predator. The objective of this work was to study the biological interactions among these dinoflagellates and their outcome in terms of survival, growth and toxins content. To that aim, short experiments (4 days) were carried out on mixed cultures with N. scintillans (20 cells mL−1) and (i) one strain of D. acuminata (50, 100 and 500 cells mL−1) and (ii) two strains of A. minutum (100, 500 and 1000 cells mL−1). Cultures of N. scintillans with two A. minutum collapsed by the end of the assays. Both D. acuminata and A. minutum exposed to N. scintillans arrested its growth, though feeding vacuoles in the latter rarely contained any prey. Toxin analyses at the end of the experiment showed an increase in intracellular OA levels in D. acuminata and a significant reduction in PSTs in both A. minutum strains. Neither OA nor PSTs were detected in N. scintillans. Overall, the present study indicated that the interactions among them were ruled by negative allelopathic effects.

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Grazing of the dinoflagellate Noctiluca scintillans on the paralytic toxin-producing dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum: Does grazing eliminate cells during a bloom?

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

Paralytic Toxin Producing Dinoflagellates in Latin America: Ecology and Physiology

Interactions between Noctiluca scintillans and Three Co-Occurring Microalgae in Response to Varying Nutrient Levels

Short-Term Interactions of Noctiluca scintillans with the Toxic Dinoflagellates Dinophysis acuminata and Alexandrium minutum: Growth, Toxins and Allelopathic Effects

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