Grazing, growth and mortality of microzooplankton during the 1989 North Atlantic spring bloom at 47°N, 18°W

Verity, Peter G.; Stoecker, Diane K.; Sieracki, Michael E.; Nelson, James R.

doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90033-y

Cited by 136 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Some studies show that ciliates, dinoflagellates and microflagellates larger then 50 lm 3 can consume up to 100% of the daily primary production (Beers and Stewart 1971;Verity et al 1993), and also an important part of the bacterial production. For example, ciliated protozoans alone can graze about 20% of the bacterial production (Sanders et al 1989;Š olic´and Krstulovic1 995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability in abundance and biomass of ciliates and copepods in the eutrophicated part of Kaštela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea)

et al. 2004

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variability in abundance and biomass of ciliates and copepods in the eutrophicated part of Kaštela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea)

et al. 2004

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“…The biomass (mg C m −3 ) of dinoflagellates and ciliates was low at all sampling stations compared to biomass obtained during spring and summer in the Norwegian Sea (Verity et al 1993). However, when integrated over the depth of the mixed layer, MZP biomasses are comparable to spring integrated biomasses (300 to 500 mg C m −2 ) within the mixed layer of the Norwegian Basin and the high Arctic Kongsfjorden (Verity et al 1993, Seuthe et al 2011a) and 2-to 3-fold higher than integrated values estimated during the winter−spring transition in the high Arctic Disko Bay (Levinsen et al 2000).…”

Section: Effect Of Deep Mixing On Protist Grazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, when integrated over the depth of the mixed layer, MZP biomasses are comparable to spring integrated biomasses (300 to 500 mg C m −2 ) within the mixed layer of the Norwegian Basin and the high Arctic Kongsfjorden (Verity et al 1993, Seuthe et al 2011a) and 2-to 3-fold higher than integrated values estimated during the winter−spring transition in the high Arctic Disko Bay (Levinsen et al 2000). Thus, although MZP concentrations are relatively low, their integrated biomass is significant at all stations.…”

Section: Effect Of Deep Mixing On Protist Grazingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter-spring transition in the subarctic Atlantic: microbial response to deep mixing and pre-bloom production

Paulsen¹,

Riisgaard²,

Thingstad³

et al. 2015

Aquat. Microb. Ecol.

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In temperate, subpolar and polar marine systems, the classical perception is that diatoms initiate the spring bloom and thereby mark the beginning of the productive season. Contrary to this view, we document an active microbial food web dominated by pico-and nanoplankton prior to the diatom bloom, a period with excess nutrients and deep convection of the water column. During repeated visits to stations in the deep Iceland and Norwegian basins and the shallow Shetland Shelf (26 March to 29 April 2012), we investigated the succession and dynamics of photosynthetic and heterotrophic microorganisms. We observed that the early phytoplankton production was followed by a decrease in the carbon:nitrogen ratio of the dissolved organic matter in the deep mixed stations, an increase in heterotrophic prokaryote (bacteria) abundance and activity (indicated by the high nucleic acid:low nucleic acid bacteria ratio), and an increase in abundance and size of heterotrophic protists. The major chl a contribution in the early winter−spring transition was found in the fraction <10 µm, i.e. dominated by pico-and small nanophytoplankton. The relative abundance of picophytoplankton decreased towards the end of the cruise at all stations despite nutrient-replete conditions and increasing day length. This decrease is hypothesised to be the result of top-down control by the fast-growing population of heterotrophic protists. As a result, the subsequent succession and nutrient depletion can be left to larger phytoplankton resistant to small grazers. Further, we observed that large phytoplankton (chl a > 50 µm) were stimulated by deep mixing later in the period, while picophytoplankton were unaffected by mixing; both physical and biological reasons for this development are discussed herein.

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“…Studies have also shown that MZP dominates among grazers of tropical oceanic phytoplankton in the Pacific Ocean (Miller, 1993), Atlantic Ocean (Burkill et al, 1993a, Verity et al, 1993 and Indian Ocean (Burkill et al, 1993 b). The high growth rates of MZP enable them to respond rapidly to changes in phytoplankton communities, resulting in a close coupling between primary producers and grazers within the food-web (Verity et al 1993;Landry et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The high growth rates of MZP enable them to respond rapidly to changes in phytoplankton communities, resulting in a close coupling between primary producers and grazers within the food-web (Verity et al 1993;Landry et al, 1995). MZP are also known to be a critical link that transfers organic carbon from heterotrophic bacteria to higher trophic levels through the microbial loop (Azam et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variations and trophic ecology of microzooplankton in the southeastern Arabian Sea

Devi

Jyothibabu

Sabu

et al. 2010

Continental Shelf Research

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The seasonal ecological response of microzooplankton in the southeastern Arabian Sea is presented.During the spring intermonsoon period (March), stratification and depletion of nitrate in the surface waters (nitracline was at 60 m depth) caused low integrated chlorophyll a (av. 19 ± 11.3 mg m -2 ) and primary production (av. 164 ± 91 mgC m -2 d -1 ). On the other hand, nutrient enrichment associated with coastal upwelling and river influx during the onset and peak summer monsoon resulted in high integrated chlorophyll a (av. 21 ± 6 mg m -2 and av. 29 ± 21 mg m -3 respectively) and primary production (av. 255 ± 94 mg Cm -2 d -1 and av. 335 ± 278 mgC m -2 d -1 respectively). During all three periods, diazotropic cyanobacterium Trichodesmium erythraeum dominated in the nutrient depleted surface waters. A general increase in abundance of larger diatoms was evident in the surface waters of the inshore region during monsoon periods. The microzooplankton abundance was found to be significantly higher during the spring intermonsoon (av.241 ± 113 x10 3 ind.m -2 ) as compared to onset of summer monsoon (av. 105 ± 89 x10 3 ind.m -2 ) and peak summer monsoon (av.185 ± 175 x10 3 ind.m -2 ).Microzooplankton community during the spring intermonsoon was numerically dominated by ciliates while heterotrophic dinoflagellate was the dominant ones during the monsoon periods. The high abundance of ciliates during the spring intermonsoon could be attributed to the stratified environmental condition prevailed in the study area which favors high abundance of smaller phytoplankton and cyanobacteria, the most preferred food of ciliates. On the other hand, the dominance of heterotrophic dinoflagellates during the monsoon periods could be linked to their ability to graze larger diatoms which were abundant during the monsoon periods. The overall results show low abundance of microzooplankton in the eastern Arabian Sea during the monsoon periods mainly due to a decline in ciliates abundance. This decline during the monsoon periods could be the result of (a) low abundance of smaller phytoplankton and (b) high stock of mesozooplankton predators (av. 245 ml 100 m -3 ).

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Grazing, growth and mortality of microzooplankton during the 1989 North Atlantic spring bloom at 47°N, 18°W

Cited by 136 publications

References 63 publications

Temporal variability in abundance and biomass of ciliates and copepods in the eutrophicated part of Kaštela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea)

Temporal variability in abundance and biomass of ciliates and copepods in the eutrophicated part of Kaštela Bay (Middle Adriatic Sea)

Winter-spring transition in the subarctic Atlantic: microbial response to deep mixing and pre-bloom production

Seasonal variations and trophic ecology of microzooplankton in the southeastern Arabian Sea

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