Gray water footprint assessment for pesticide mixtures applied to a sugarcane crop in Brazil: A comparison between two models

An integrated assessment of pharmaceuticals in water systems

“…During almost 20 years of WF research since the concept was developed in 2002 , numerous studies have been published (Hoekstra, 2017). The grey WF was assessed for a diverse set of pollutants such as nitrogen (Aldaya et al, 2020, Chukalla et al, 2018, Hu et al, 2018, Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2015, Muratoglu, 2020, phosphorus (Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2018), pesticides (Barreto et al, 2020, Vale et al, 2019, heavy metals (Yan et al, 2021) or for combinations of different contaminants (Borsato et al, 2018, Bustamante-Silveira et al, 2021, Feng et al, 2021, Morera et al, 2016 as well as across geographical levels from regional (Lamastra et al, 2014 to global (Liu et al, 2012, Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2015, Mekonnen and Hoekstra, 2018. Assessing the grey water footprint (GWF) of pharmaceuticals is however new.…”