Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality–psychopathology associations

Bijttebier, Patricia; Beck, Ilse; Claes, Laurence; Vandereycken, Walter

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2009.04.002

Cited by 425 publications

(351 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…sensitivity (for reviews see Bijttebier et al, 2009;Corr, 2004). The BAS is conceptualized as a motivational system which primarily responds to stimuli indicating reward or non-punishment (e.g., relief, Corr, 2004).…”

Section: Individual Differences In Reward Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reward motivation on human declarative memory

Miendlarzewska

Bavelier

Schwartz

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

140

129

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a b s t r a c tMotivational relevance can prioritize information for memory encoding and consolidation based on reward value. In this review, we pinpoint the possible psychological and neural mechanisms by which reward promotes learning, from guiding attention to enhancing memory consolidation. We then discuss how reward value can spill-over from one conditioned stimulus to a non-conditioned stimulus. Such generalization can occur across perceptually similar items or through more complex relations, such as associative or logical inferences. Existing evidence suggests that the neurotransmitter dopamine boosts the formation of declarative memory for rewarded information and may also control the generalization of reward values. In particular, temporally-correlated activity in the hippocampus and in regions of the dopaminergic circuit may mediate value-based decisions and facilitate cross-item integration. Given the importance of generalization in learning, our review points to the need to study not only how reward affects later memory but how learned reward values may generalize to related representations and ultimately alter memory structure.

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Section: Individual Differences In Reward Sensitivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of reward motivation on human declarative memory

Miendlarzewska

Bavelier

Schwartz

2016

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

140

129

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“…In contrast to these results, reported a blunted difference in FRN amplitude between negative (non-reward) and positive (reward) feedback in depressed individuals. When turning to anxiety, which is usually related to depression (Beck et al 1988;Mendels et al, 1972) and punishment sensitivity (Bijttebier et al, 2009), but which is also mainly characterized by an extreme worry about the expectancy of possible failures in the future (Eisenberg et al, 1998;Mitte, 2007;Shepperd et al, 2005), the results of two studies converged and showed a larger FRN amplitude for low, compared to high anxious individuals (Gu et al, 2010;Simons, 2010). According to Yeung et al (2005), the FRN also reflects an evaluation process that is influenced by the motivational significance of ongoing actions.…”

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confidence: 99%

Anxiety disrupts the evaluative component of performance monitoring: An ERP study

Aarts

Pourtois

2012

Neuropsychologia

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Thirty low and 30 high anxious participants performed a speeded Go/noGo task during which they had to rely on evaluative feedback to infer whether their actions were timely (correct) or not. We focused on FRN, an ERP component that is sensitive to the valence of feedback.Depending on the context, neutral faces served either as positive or negative feedback.Whereas the FRN of low anxious individuals did discriminate between neutral faces when used either as positive or negative feedback, the FRN of high anxious individuals did not.However, before the FRN, we also found evidence for a differential perceptual effect at the level of the N170 face-specific component between the two feedback conditions, equally so in low and high anxious individuals. These results suggest that anxiety disrupts selectively the evaluative component of performance monitoring, which presumably allows to ascribe a given value (either positive or negative) to actions.Keywords: Anxiety, ERP, FRN, N170, attribution 3 Performance monitoring and anxiety Anxiety disrupts selectively the evaluative component of performance monitoring: An ERP study Depending on the situation and circumstances, the control of behavior is based on the monitoring of either internal or external signals, or sometimes a combination of both. For example, the adequacy of a given action in response to a familiar stimulus may be determined based on an internal representation allowing to compare the discrepancy between the actual and expected or desired action, with a swift detection of any divergence between the two (Gehring et al., 1993). However, in many situations, performance monitoring cannot be achieved solely based on the processing of internal signals, but the processing of new external feedback information in the environment is required to establish whether the current action is appropriate (e.g., timely, correct) or not. Hence, the processing of feedback information available in the environment often indicates the appropriateness of certain actions and in turn allows to correct or adjust behavior if required, eventually leading to learning and preventing errors from recurring in the future (Holroyd & Coles, 2002;Rabbitt, 1966).Several ERP studies looking at outcome evaluation processes based on external feedback have described an ERP component, the feedback-related negativity (FRN) that is selectively associated with the processing of the valence or motivational significance of the feedback (Gehring & Willoughby, 2002;Holroyd & Coles, 2002;Miltner et al., 1997). The FRN is a negative component peaking at fronto-central electrodes roughly 250-300 ms after presentation of relevant feedback information. Usually, the FRN was found to be larger after negative feedback on task performance, e.g., the presentation of an evaluation signal indicating error commission or monetary loss, compared to positive feedback, e.g., the presentation of an evaluation signal indicating correct performance or monetary reward anxiety, which is usually related to depression (Beck et...

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“…En nuestro estudio se observa que todos los sujetos consumidores de drogas, con independencia de la sustancia de consumo preferente, presentaban déficits en todas las escalas incluidas en el primer factor resultante del análisis por componentes, más vinculado al sistema SAC, en línea con distintas investigaciones que muestran que el sistema SAC juega un papel importante en la adicción a diferentes sustancias incluyendo heroína, metadona, cocaína, ketamina, alcohol y tabaco (Abdi, Roudsari, y Aliloo, 2011;Bijttebier, Beck, Claes, y Vandereycken, 2009;Carlson y Pritchard, 2013;Dissabandara et al, 2012Dissabandara et al, , 2014Franken, Muris, y Georgieva, 2006;Loxton et al, 2008a;Lyvers, Duff, Basch, y Edwards, 2012;Nielsen et al, 2012). Por otra parte, globalmente nuestros resultados indicarían que son los consumidores de metadona los que tendrían mayores déficits en las escalas incluidas en el segundo factor, más vinculado al sistema SIC.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Impulsividad en varones con prescripción de benzodiacepinas y metadona en prisión

Moreno-Ramos¹,

Fernández-Serrano²,

Pérez-Garcı́a

et al. 2016

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Benzodiazepines and methadone use has been associated with various neuropsychological impairments. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have been carried out on the effect of these substances (either separately or combined) on impulsive personality, including studies in prisoners. The aim of this study is to examine the impulsive personality of a sample of 134 male prisoners using the Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (Torrubia, Avila, Molto, & Caseras, 2001) and the UPPS-P Scale . Some of these were methadone users, methadone and benzodiazepines users, polydrug users in abstinence and non-dependent drug users. The results showed that drug users have greater sensitivity to reward, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking than non-dependent users.Methadone users showed more sensitivity to punishment and lack of perseverance with respect to other users. No differences were found between methadone+benzodiazepines users and other groups. The secondary aim is to examine which impulsive personality dimensions are related to the two motivational systems proposed by Gray (BIS-BAS) using exploratory factor analysis. Results showed two different components. One component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to reinforcement, positive urgency, negative urgency and sensation seeking. The second component was defined by the subscales sensitivity to punishment, lack of perseverance and lack of premeditation.

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Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality–psychopathology associations

Cited by 425 publications

References 101 publications

Influence of reward motivation on human declarative memory

Influence of reward motivation on human declarative memory

Anxiety disrupts the evaluative component of performance monitoring: An ERP study

Impulsividad en varones con prescripción de benzodiacepinas y metadona en prisión

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