“Gray's Anatomy”

Warwick, Roger; Williams, Peter; Dyson, Mary; Bannister, Laurie

doi:10.1259/0007-1285-58-694-1029

Cited by 1,120 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…Only complete femurs, radii and fourth lumbar vertebrae (L4) showing no sign of soil erosion in the area to be scanned were selected. Sex determination for skeletons was done using descriptive methods of both pelvis and skull, as described by Stewart (1979); Ubelaker (1978); Warwick & Williams (1973) and Buikstra & Ubelaker (1994). Age at death was estimated by summary age using skull sutures, pubic symphysis and auricular surface metamorphoses (Buikstra & Ubelaker, 1994).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis among ancient Egyptians

Zaki¹,

Hussien²,

El-Banna³

2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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Osteoporosis is a condition of reduced total bone mass per unit volume for the normal ratio of bone mineral to bone matrix. The present work deals with the investigation and evaluation of osteoporosis in ancient Egyptians of two social classes from the Old Kingdom in Giza. The aims of this study are to provide information about the lifestyle and health status of ancient Egyptians, and to detect the causes of osteoporosis. The material consisted of 74 skeletons (43 males and 31 females) from two different social classes (high officials and workers). Skeletons were excavated from the Giza Necropolis and belonged to the Old Kingdom (2687-2191 BC). Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) was used to measure bone mineral density (BMD) at different skeletal sites (radius, fourth lumbar vertebra and head of femur). Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to show the microarchitectural structure of the bone. Results showed a significant decrease of BMD values in old age groups compared with younger ones in both sexes. In addition, SEM of trabecular bone in osteoporotic cases demonstrated that the horizontal trabeculae were more affected than the vertical trabeculae. Comparison between high officials and workers revealed that osteoporosis was more frequent in male workers than in male high officials, and in female high officials than in female workers. An elevated prevalence of osteoporosis among male workers may be related to the effects of nutritional stress and excessive workload, while a sedentary lifestyle may have played a role in the occurrence of osteoporosis among female high officials. Moreover, osteoporosis occurs earlier and more frequently in females than males, which may be related to the hormonal changes that accompany the menopause in females. This study emphasises the importance of gender and lifestyle factors in influencing the severity of osteoporosis. Age-related bone loss at most skeletal sites is noted in both sexes of ancient Egyptians.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoporosis among ancient Egyptians

Zaki¹,

Hussien²,

El-Banna³

2008

Intl J of Osteoarchaeology

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“…1 By contrast, the apocrine sweat glands are limited to the special regions such as axilla, nipple, external ear, external genitalia, and the eyelids. 1 The apocrine glands are larger than the eccrine glands, are more numerous in the lower eyelid, and their ductal openings are closely associated with eyelashes. 2 Eccrine hidrocystoma is a cutaneous lesion that occurs predominantly on the face.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eccrine hidrocystoma of the eyelid

Singh

McCloskey

Parsons

et al. 2004

Eye

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Aim To report on the clinical features of eccrine hidrocystoma involving the eyelid. Methods Data on a series of consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed diagnosis were reviewed. Results Among 34 patients, 69 tumours were identified. The mean age at diagnosis was 59 years (range 39-91 years). The majority (71%) of patients had only a single tumour. The tumours appeared as a small (median size ¼ 1 mm) clear cystic lesion with 87% located near the eyelid margin. Conclusions The eccrine hidrocystoma is a benign small cystic tumour that characteristically occurs close to but does not involve the eyelid margin.

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“…Propagation of excitatory process through the human heart [6] is a quite complex problem that deserves a great importance in non-invasive diagnosis of heart diseases. It should be emphasized that this complexity is manifold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Excitation Waves and Their Mutual Interactions in the Surface Layer of the Ball with Fast Accessory Paths and the Pacemaker

Kroc

2002

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Abstract. Propagation of excitation waves and their mutual interactions on the surface layer of a ball with fast accessory paths and pacemaker is studied by the cellular automaton (CA) computer simulation technique in three-dimensions. The existence of the conducting system created by fast accessory paths and the pacemaker in the excitable medium -i.e., in the medium having a morphology -is important for this study. The topology of the medium and the CA-model itself are kept quite simple in order to focus the main attention of this study into the spatio-temporal response of the excitable medium with respect to the position and size of excitatory disturbances and inclusions. Propagation of undistorted excitation waves in the homogeneous excitable medium and appearance of spirals in it -induced by initial excitatory disturbancesare studied as well.

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“Gray's Anatomy”

Cited by 1,120 publications

References 1 publication

Osteoporosis among ancient Egyptians

Osteoporosis among ancient Egyptians

Eccrine hidrocystoma of the eyelid

Propagation of Excitation Waves and Their Mutual Interactions in the Surface Layer of the Ball with Fast Accessory Paths and the Pacemaker

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