Gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and Red (Oreochromis spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection

Mugimba, Kizito K.; Tal, Sara; Dubey, Saurabh; Mutoloki, Stephen; Dishon, Arnon; Evensen, Øystein; Munang’andu, Hetron Mweemba

doi:10.3390/v11100893

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(41 reference statements)

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“…Tilapia tilapinevirus, aka tilapia lake virus (TiLV), was first described in farmed and wild tilapia in Israel [4] and later reported in sixteen additional countries [2,48,49]. Although the potency of TiLV has been demonstrated in various species of tilapia including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), blue tilapia (O. aureus), and its hybrid species [4,5,15,42,50,51], there have been no reports of TiLV infection in Mozambique tilapia, which is genetically close to the Nile tilapia, a susceptible host to TiLV infection. This study showed that Mozambique tilapia (O. mossambicus) is also susceptible to TiLV infection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…and Nile tilapia (O. niloticus), with cumulative mortality in these species ranging from 63-86% [17,42]. Mugimba et al (2019) [15] reported 80-100% mortality in gray tilapia (O. niloticus × O. aureus) and red tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) after experimental challenge by TiLV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All stages of tilapia, from fry to adult and broodstock, are susceptible to TiLV, with mortality ranging from 5% to 100% [2,[4][5][6][7][8][9]. TiLVD has been most extensively reported and studied in several species of tilapia, including Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) [5,8,[10][11][12][13][14], hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. aureus) [4], gray tilapia (O. niloticus × O. aureus) [15], and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) [8,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species

Waiyamitra

Piewbang

Techangamsuwan

et al. 2021

Viruses

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Tilapia tilapinevirus, or tilapia lake virus (TiLV), is a highly contagious virus found in tilapia and its hybrid species that has been reported worldwide, including in Asia, the Americas, and Africa. In this study, we experimentally challenged Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) with a virulent TiLV strain, VETKU-TV01, at both low (1 × 103 TCID50/mL) and high (1 × 105 TCID50/mL) concentration. After the challenge, the Mozambique tilapia showed pale skin with some hemorrhage and erosion, lethargy, abdominal swelling, congestion around the eye, and exophthalmos; there was a cumulative mortality rate at 48.89% and 77.78% in the groups that received the low and high concentration, respectively. Quantitative PCR and in situ hybridization confirmed the presence of TiLV in the internal organs of moribund fish. Notably, severe histopathological changes, including glycogen depletion, syncytial hepatic cells containing multiple nuclei and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies, and infiltration of melanomacrophage into the spleen, were frequently found in the Mozambique tilapia challenged with high TiLV concentration. Comparatively, the infectivity and pathology of the TiLV infection in Mozambique tilapia and red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) were found to be similar. Our results confirmed the susceptibility of Mozambique tilapia, which has recently been determined to be a vulnerable species, to TiLV infection, expanding knowledge that the virus can cause disease in this fish species.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species

Waiyamitra

Piewbang

Techangamsuwan

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Nevertheless, more research regarding the factors associated with high mortalities in coinfection including dampening of the fish immune response during TiLV infection needs to be confirmed. In a recent study, high expression of pro‐inflammatory cytokines including IL‐1β and TNF‐α was discovered in the brain and kidneys, while these genes were not as highly expressed in the liver of TiLV‐challenged fish (Mugimba et al., 2019). Another study demonstrated that injecting TiLV in zebrafish induced high type I IFN response (Rakus et al., 2020) Moreover, different genes including erythropoietin isoform X2, double‐stranded RNA‐specific adenosine deaminase isoform X1, bone morphogenetic protein 4 and tapasin‐related proteins as well as differentially expressed mRNAs are involved in immune responses during TiLV infection (Wang, Wang, et al, 2020).…”

Section: Tilv Pathogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia lake virus: The story so far

Surachetpong

Roy

Nicholson

2020

Journal of Fish Diseases

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has detrimental effects on tilapia farming. This virus was discovered in 2014 and has received tremendous global attention from the aquaculture sector due to its association with high fish mortalities and its strong economic impact on the tilapia aquaculture industry. Currently, TiLV has been reported in 16 countries, and this number is continuing to rise due to improved diagnostic assays and surveillance activities around the world. In this review, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of TiLV with regard to TiLV host species, the clinical signs of a TiLV infection, the affected tissues, pathogenesis and potential disease risk factors. We also describe the reported information concerning the virus itself: its morphology, genetic make-up and transmission pathways. We review the current methods for virus detection and potential control measures. We close the review of the TiLV story so far, by offering a commentary on the major TiLV research gaps, why these are delaying future TiLV research and why the TiLV field needs to come together and proceed as a more collaborative scientific community if there is any hope limiting the impact of this serious virus.

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“…Verification of virus species used for the HA assay was carried out using total RNA extracted from cell culture supernatants for the TiLV and ISAV, whereas the allantois fluid was used for the extraction of total RNA for influenza virus PR8 using a modification of the Trizol (GIBCO, Life Technologies, Gaithersburg, MD, USA) and RNAeasy Mini kits (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany), as previously described [27]. cDNA synthesis was carried out in 20 µL reaction volumes using the Qiagen quantiTect ® reverse transcription kit that involved an integrated step for the removal of contaminated genomic DNA (Qiagen), as previously described in our studies [28]. TiLV, PR8, and ISAV nucleic acids were amplified using primers specific to each virus, as shown in Table 1, targeting segment 3 for TiLV, segment 7 for PR8, and segment 8 for ISAV.…”

Section: Verification Of Virus Species Used For the Hemagglutination mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilapia Lake Virus Does Not Hemagglutinate Avian and Piscine Erythrocytes and NH4Cl Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication In Vitro

Chengula

Mutoloki

Evensen

et al. 2019

Viruses

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Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) is a negative-sense single-stranded RNA (-ssRNA) icosahedral virus classified to be the only member in the family Amnoonviridae. Although TiLV segment-1 shares homology with the influenza C virus PB1 and has four conserved motifs similar to influenza A, B, and C polymerases, it is unknown whether there are other properties shared between TiLV and orthomyxovirus. In the present study, we wanted to determine whether TiLV agglutinated avian and piscine erythrocytes, and whether its replication was inhibited by lysosomotropic agents, such as ammonium chloride (NH 4 Cl), as seen for orthomyxoviruses. Our findings showed that influenza virus strain A/Puerto Rico/8 (PR8) was able to hemagglutinate turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L), and Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) red blood cells (RBCs), while infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAV) only agglutinated Atlantic salmon, but not turkey or tilapia, RBCs. In contrast to PR8 and ISAV, TiLV did not agglutinate turkey, Atlantic salmon, or tilapia RBCs. qRT-PCR analysis showed that 30 mM NH 4 Cl, a basic lysosomotropic agent, neither inhibited nor enhanced TiLV replication in E-11 cells. There was no difference in viral quantities in the infected cells with or without NH 4 Cl treatment during virus adsorption or at 1, 2, and 3 h post-infection. Given that hemagglutinin proteins that bind RBCs also serve as ligands that bind host cells during virus entry leading to endocytosis in orthomyxoviruses, the data presented here suggest that TiLV may use mechanisms that are different from orthomyxoviruses for entry and replication in host cells. Therefore, future studies should seek to elucidate the mechanisms used by TiLV for entry into host cells and to determine its mode of replication in infected cells.

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Gray (Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus) and Red (Oreochromis spp.) Tilapia Show Equal Susceptibility and Proinflammatory Cytokine Responses to Experimental Tilapia Lake Virus Infection

Cited by 25 publications

References 26 publications

Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species

Infection of Tilapia tilapinevirus in Mozambique Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus), a Globally Vulnerable Fish Species

Tilapia lake virus: The story so far

Tilapia Lake Virus Does Not Hemagglutinate Avian and Piscine Erythrocytes and NH4Cl Does Not Inhibit Viral Replication In Vitro

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