Gray Matter Features of Reading Disability: A Combined Meta-Analytic and Direct Analysis Approach

Eckert, Mark A.; Berninger, Virginia W.; Vaden, Kenneth I.; Gebregziabher, Mulugeta; Tsu, Loretta

doi:10.1523/eneuro.0103-15.2015

Cited by 80 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 80 publications

(111 reference statements)

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“…Cerebellar structural and functional differences are well-documented in developmental dyslexia (see Stoodley, 2015, for recent review), and differences in cerebellar grey matter in dyslexia converge in bilateral cerebellar lobule VI (e.g., Stoodley, 2014). In pediatric groups including both dyslexic and non-dyslexic readers, grey matter in bilateral cerebellar lobule VI has been associated with speed of reading (see Kronbichler et al, 2008), and grey matter in right lobule VII has been associated with pseudoword decoding and passage comprehension (e.g., Eckert et al, 2016). In addition to this work, a recent study of several subdomains of cognition in relation to cerebellar GM is highly relevant to the current study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental relationship between specific cognitive domains and grey matter in the cerebellum

Moore

D’Mello

McGrath

et al. 2017

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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There is growing evidence that the cerebellum is involved in cognition and cognitive development, yet little is known about the developmental relationship between cerebellar structure and cognitive subdomains in children. We used voxel-based morphometry to assess the relationship between cerebellar grey matter (GM) and language, reading, working memory, executive function, and processing speed in 110 individuals aged 8–17 years from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) Study. Further, we examined the effect of age on the relationships between cerebellar GM and cognition. Higher scores on vocabulary, reading, working memory, and set-shifting were associated with increased GM in the posterior cerebellum (lobules VI-IX), in regions which are typically engaged during cognitive tasks in healthy adults. For reading, working memory, and processing speed, the relationship between cerebellar GM and cognitive performance changed with age in specific cerebellar subregions. As in adults, posterior lobe cerebellar GM was associated with cognitive performance in a pediatric population, and this relationship mirrored the known developmental trajectory of posterior cerebellar GM. These findings provide further evidence that specific regions of the cerebellum support cognition and cognitive development, and suggest that the strength of this relationship depends on developmental stage.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developmental relationship between specific cognitive domains and grey matter in the cerebellum

Moore

D’Mello

McGrath

et al. 2017

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…The current study employed a rigorous neuropsychological testing of cognitive functions vital for reading and voxel-based morphometry (VBM), an automated MRI method for assessing focal brain changes (Ashburner and Friston, 2000). Since its introduction, VBM has become a standard method to analyze neuroanatomical abnormalities in various disorders, including DD with over 20 published studies (Brambati et al, 2004, Brown et al, 2001, Dole et al, 2013, Eckert et al, 2016, Eckert et al, 2005, Evans et al, 2014, Hoeft et al, 2007, Jednoróg et al, 2015, Jednoróg et al, 2014, Krafnick et al, 2014, Kronbichler et al, 2008, Menghini et al, 2008, Pernet et al, 2009a, Pernet et al, 2009b, Silani et al, 2005, Siok et al, 2008, Steinbrink et al, 2008, Tamboer et al, 2015, Vinckenbosch et al, 2005, Xia et al, 2016, Yang et al, 2016.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…A few years later, Eckert and colleagues evaluated 11 VBM studies on DD, and reported lower GM volume (i.e. modulated data; adjusted for total GM volume) in left superior temporal sulcus, left orbitofrontal cortex, and the right cerebellum in participants with DD (Eckert et al, 2016). Interestingly, one of the most robust findings is reduced total brain volume in subjects with DD compared with typical readers, a finding confirmed by a metaanalysis including 1164 participants across 18 studies (Ramus et al, 2018).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…VBM) are used to reliably identify the neuroanatomical changes in DD, a combination of reasonable cluster-size threshold and voxel extent is needed to produce a desirable balance between Types I and II error rates (Lieberman and Cunningham, 2009). Second, most of the studies consist of small sample sizes, with only three studies including more than 16 dyslexics (see Eckert et al, 2016, for a meta-analysis).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Brain structures associated with reading and their abnormalities in dyslexia: a whole-brain analysis

Kujala

Thiede

Palo-oja

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Developmental dyslexia (DD) is a highly prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder, which is devastating for individuals in modern societies in which fluent reading skill is mandatory for leading a normal life. Research on the neural origins of DD has continued for half a century, yielding, however, inconsistent results. It has also lacked a thorough characterization of the association between abnormal neuroanatomy and skills vital for reading. The current study was set out to determine abnormalities of grey and white matter volumes in adults with DD and associations between brain structures and reading and related skills. To this end, we conducted a whole-brain voxel based morphometry following current guidelines on state-of-the-art analysis approaches and rigorous neuropsychological testing. We found decreased volumes of grey matter in DD, comprising a left-hemispheric network including superior temporal and inferior frontal gyri, insula, the limbic system, and basal ganglia, and white matter, including the right middle temporal gyrus and hippocampus. These results are both consistent with the most robust previous findings on structural abnormalities in the left frontotemporal network in DD and yield novel insight to the role of subcortical structures in DD, scarcely studied so far.Moreover, areas with decreased grey matter volumes in DD were positively associated with technical reading scores (both groups included). This provides particularly strong support for the conclusion that the grey matter regions that we identified to have a low volume in DD comprise the core areas vital for reading.

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“…We examined the extent to which Poor Decoders, Generally Poor Readers, Poor Comprehenders, and Controls were consistently classified based on a retrospective multi-site dataset with missing data (Eckert et al, 2016;Eckert et al, 2017). We first examined classification accuracy in a synthetic dataset to demonstrate the relative advantage of missForest with the current dataset compared to other imputation approaches.…”

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confidence: 99%

Reading Profiles in Multi-site Data with Missingness

Eckert

Vaden

Gebregziabher

2018

Preprint

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Children with reading disability exhibit varied deficits in reading and cognitive abilities that contribute to their reading comprehension problems. Some children exhibit primary deficits in phonological processing, while others can exhibit deficits in oral language and executive functions that affect comprehension. This behavioral heterogeneity is problematic when missing data prevent the characterization of different reading profiles, which often occurs in retrospective data sharing initiatives without coordinated data collection. Here we show that reading profiles can be reliably identified based on Random Forest classification of incomplete behavioral datasets, after the missForest method is used to multiply impute missing values. Results from simulation analyses showed that reading profiles could be accurately classified across degrees of missingness (e.g., ~5% classification error for 30% missingness across the sample). The application of missForest to a real multi-site dataset (n = 924) showed that reading disability profiles significantly and consistently differed in reading and cognitive abilities for cases with and without missing data. The results of validation analyses indicated that the reading profiles (cases with and without missing data) exhibited significant differences for an independent set of behavioral variables that were not used to classify reading profiles. Together, the results show how multiple imputation can be applied to the classification of cases with missing data and can increase the integrity of results from multi-site open access datasets.

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Gray Matter Features of Reading Disability: A Combined Meta-Analytic and Direct Analysis Approach

Cited by 80 publications

References 80 publications

The developmental relationship between specific cognitive domains and grey matter in the cerebellum

The developmental relationship between specific cognitive domains and grey matter in the cerebellum

Brain structures associated with reading and their abnormalities in dyslexia: a whole-brain analysis

Reading Profiles in Multi-site Data with Missingness

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