“…The above process contributed to an increase in t perc . Aside from the aforementioned surface interactions, the random motion of Brownian particles (Brownian interactions) in tailings and cement particles due to Brownian energy is also an important contributor in the formation of the colloidal flocculation network [76]. However, the Newtonian viscosity of the CPB interstitial solution at different pre-shear rates is maintained at 0.0068 Pa•s through flow sweep tests, indicating that the collisions frequency of Brownian particles may not change [35].…”