Graviton mass evaluation with trajectories of bright stars at the Galactic Center

Borka

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

2018

Recently, the LIGO-Virgo collaboration discovered gravitational waves and in their first publication on the subject the authors also presented a graviton mass constraint as m g < 1.2 × 10 −22 eV [1] (see also more details in a complimentary paper [2]). In our previous papers we considered constraints on Yukawa gravity parameters [3] and on graviton mass from analysis of the trajectory of S2 star near the Galactic Center [4]. In the paper we analyze a potential to reduce upper bounds for graviton mass with future observational data on trajectories of bright stars near the Galactic Center. Since gravitational potentials are different for these two cases, expressions for relativistic advance for general relativity and Yukawa potential are different functions on eccentricity and semimajor axis, it gives an opportunity to improve current estimates of graviton mass with future observational facilities. In our considerations of an improvement potential for a graviton mass estimate we adopt a conservative strategy and assume that trajectories of bright stars and their apocenter advance will be described with general relativity expressions and it gives opportunities to improve graviton mass constraints. In contrast with our previous studies, where we present current constraints on parameters of Yukawa gravity [3] and graviton mass [4] from observations of S2 star, in the paper we express expectations to improve current constraints for graviton mass, assuming the GR predictions about apocenter shifts will be confirmed with future observations. We concluded that if future observations of bright star orbits during around fifty years will confirm GR predictions about apocenter shifts of bright star orbits it give an opportunity to constrain a graviton mass at a level around 5 × 10 −23 eV or slightly better than current estimates obtained with LIGO observations.

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Constraining the range of Yukawa gravity interaction from S2 star orbits III: improvement expectations for graviton mass bounds

Borka

J. Cosmol. Astropart. Phys.

2018

“…46 If we apply our consideration for gravity theories with massive graviton and we use observational data for S2 star we obtain that 2.9 × 10 −21 eV with 90% C.L. 47 (see also discussion [48][49][50] ). Our estimate for graviton mass is slightly weaker than the LIGO ones, but it is independent and consistent with LIGO results.…”

Section: Graviton Mass Constraints From Analysis Of Trajectories Of Bmentioning

confidence: 88%

Different Ways to Estimate Graviton Mass

Borka

Int. J. Mod. Phys. Conf. Ser.

2018

An experimental detection of graviton is extremely hard problem, however, there are different ways to evaluate a graviton mass if it is non-vanishing. Theories of massive gravity or theories with non-vanishing graviton mass initially have a number of pathologies such as discontinuities, ghosts etc. In last years theorists found ways to overcome weaknesses of such theories meanwhile observational features are also discussed. In the first publication reporting about the discovery of gravitational waves from the binary black hole system the LIGO-Virgo collaboration obtained the graviton mass constraint around 1.2 × 10 −22 eV (later the estimate was improved with new data). A comparable and consistent graviton mass constraint around 2.9 × 10 −21 eV has been obtained from analysis of the bright star S2 trajectory near the Galactic Center.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, an experimental detection of graviton is a very hard problem to solve and there are different ways to evaluate a graviton mass if it is non-vanishing [24][25][26][27]. We use Yukawa gravity, one among the gravity theories with non-vanishing graviton mass [24,25,28] to give constraint of graviton mass. In the few recent publications reporting about the discovery of gravitational waves from the binary black hole system, the LIGO-Virgo collaboration obtained the graviton mass constraints [29][30][31][32] and in the last years the constraint was significantly improved, in particular, based on a joint analysis of events from the first (O1) and the second (O2) observing runs or in other words, the events were collected in the first LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-1), the authors found that graviton mass should be m g < 4.7×10 −23 eV [33], while adding events from the first part of the third observational run (O3a) to GWTC-1 to form the second LIGO-Virgo Gravitational-Wave Transient Catalog (GWTC-2), the authors found that m g < 1.76 × 10 −23 eV [34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of bulk mass distribution on orbital precession of S2 star in Yukawa gravity

2021

In this study we investigate possible applications of observed S2 orbit around Galactic Center for constraining the Yukawa gravity at scales in the range between several tens and several thousands astronomical units (AU) to obtain graviton mass constraints. In our model we suppose that bulk distribution of matter (includes stellar cluster, interstellar gas distribution and dark matter) exists near Supermassive Black Hole (SMBH) in our Galactic Center. We obtain the values of orbital precession angle for different values of mass density of matter, and we require that the value of orbital precession is the same like in general relativity (GR). From that request we determine gravity parameter λ and the upper value for graviton mass. We found that in the cases where the density of extended mass is higher, the maximum allowed value for parameter λ is smaller and the upper limit for graviton mass is higher. It is due to the fact that the extended mass causes the retrograde orbital precession. We believe that this study is a very efficient tool to evaluate a gravitational potential at the Galactic Center, parameter λ of the Yukawa gravity model, and to constrain the graviton mass.