Gravitomagnetism and the Speed of Gravity

Kopeikin, Sergei M.

doi:10.1142/s0218271806007663

Cited by 34 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In the heliocentric frame photon moves in a static gravitational field of the Sun that is fully defined by the metric components g [4]. Moreover, it makes all components of the barycentric metric time-dependent, so that its partial time derivatives do not vanish.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravimagnetic effect of the barycentric motion of the Sun and determination of the post-Newtonian parameter γ in the Cassini experiment

et al. 2007

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The most precise test of the post-Newtonian γ parameter in the solar system has been achieved in measurement of the frequency shift of radio waves to and from the Cassini spacecraft as they passed near the Sun. The test relies upon the JPL model of radiowave propagation that includes, but does not explicitly parametrize, the impact of the non-stationary component of the gravitational field of the Sun, generated by its barycentric orbital motion, on the Shapiro delay. This non-stationary gravitational field of the Sun is associated with the Lorentz transformation of the metric tensor and the affine connection from the heliocentric to the barycentric frame of the solar system and can be treated as gravimagnetic field. The gravimagnetic field perturbs the propagation of a radio wave and contributes to its frequency shift at the level up to 4 × 10 −13 that may affect the precise measurement of the parameter γ in the Cassini experiment to about one part in 10,000. Our analysis suggests that the translational gravimagnetic field of the Sun can be extracted from the Cassini data, and its effect is separable from the space curvature characterized by the parameter γ.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravimagnetic effect of the barycentric motion of the Sun and determination of the post-Newtonian parameter γ in the Cassini experiment

et al. 2007

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“…9 gets aligned with the Y axis. This also allows us to physically interpret the dipolar deflection associated with the retardation of gravity as caused by the gravimagnetic field of Jupiter originating from its translational orbital motion [27][28][29]87,88].…”

Section: B the Dipolar Deflectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gravitational bending of light by planetary multipoles and its measurement with microarcsecond astronomical interferometers

2007

Self Cite

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General-relativistic deflection of light by mass, dipole, and quadrupole moments of the gravitational field of a moving massive planet in the solar system is derived in the approximation of the linearized Einstein equations. All terms of order 1 as are taken into account, parametrized, and classified in accordance with their physical origin. The monopolar light-ray deflection, modulated by the radial Doppler effect, is associated with the total mass and radial velocity of the gravitating body. It displaces the apparent positions of stars in the sky plane radially away from the origin of the celestial coordinates associated with the planet. The dipolar deflection of light is due to a translational mismatch of the center of mass of the planet and the origin of the planetary coordinates caused by the inaccuracy of planetary ephemeris. It can also originate from the difference between the null cone for light and that for gravity that is not allowed in general relativity but can exist in some of the alternative theories of gravity. The dipolar gravity field pulls the apparent position of a star in the plane of the sky in both radial and orthoradial directions with respect to the origin of the coordinates. The quadrupolar deflection of light is caused by the physical oblateness, J 2 , of the planet, but in any practical experiment it will have an admixture of the translation-dependent quadrupole due to inaccuracy of planetary ephemeris. This leads to a bias in the estimated value of J 2 that should be minimized by applying an iterative data reduction method designed to disentangle the different multipole moments and to fit out the translation-dependent dipolar and quadrupolar components of light deflection. The method of microarcsecond interferometric astrometry has the potential of greatly improving the planetary ephemerides, getting unbiased measurements of planetary quadrupoles, and of thoroughly testing the null-cone structure of the gravitational field and the speed of its propagation in the near-zone of the solar system. We calculate the instantaneous patterns of the light-ray deflections caused by the monopole, the dipole, and the quadrupole moments, and derive equations describing apparent motion of the deflected position of the star in the sky plane as the impact parameter of the light ray with respect to the planet changes due to its orbital motion. We discuss the observational capabilities of the near-future optical (SIM) and radio (SKA) interferometers for detecting the Doppler modulation of the radial deflection, and the dipolar and quadrupolar light-ray bendings by Jupiter and Saturn.

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“…The former is induced by the matter source rotation around its center of mass: it generates the intrinsic gravitomagnetic field which is closely related to the angular momentum (spin) of the rotating body. The latter is due to the translational motion of the source: it is responsible of the extrinsic gravitomagnetic field [73]. Let us now discuss the gravitomagnetic effects in order to see how they affect the orbits.…”

Section: Relativistic Quasi-parabolic Orbitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Newtonian and Relativistic Theory of Orbits and the Emission of Gravitational Waves

Laurentis¹

2009

TOAAJ

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This review paper is devoted to the theory of orbits. We start with the discussion of the Newtonian problem of motion then we consider the relativistic problem of motion, in particular the post-Newtonian (PN) approximation and the further gravitomagnetic corrections. Finally by a classification of orbits in accordance with the conditions of motion, we calculate the gravitational waves luminosity for different types of stellar encounters and orbits.

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Gravitomagnetism and the Speed of Gravity

Cited by 34 publications

References 47 publications

Gravimagnetic effect of the barycentric motion of the Sun and determination of the post-Newtonian parameter γ in the Cassini experiment

Gravimagnetic effect of the barycentric motion of the Sun and determination of the post-Newtonian parameter γ in the Cassini experiment

Gravitational bending of light by planetary multipoles and its measurement with microarcsecond astronomical interferometers

The Newtonian and Relativistic Theory of Orbits and the Emission of Gravitational Waves

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