Gravitational wave tests of strong field general relativity with binary inspirals: Realistic injections and optimal model selection

Sampson, L. M.; Cornish, N.; Yunes, Nicolás

doi:10.1103/physrevd.87.102001

Cited by 66 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Note that in most alternative theories of gravity, a violation will likely show up in more than one coefficient. However, as already demonstrated in [55] in a PN context, looking for a deviation from zero in a single testing parameter is an efficient way to search for GR violations that occur at multiple PN orders, and one can even find violations at powers of frequency that are distinct from the one that the testing parameter is associated with [52,53]. Of course, if a deviation is present then the individual measurements of the δp i will not necessarily reflect the predicted values of the correct alternative theory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

“…In fact, even parameters that are not associated with the deviations in the signal must show deviations. Such effects had already been observed in [52,53,55], and should not come as a surprise: template waveform models will use whatever additional freedom they have to accommodate anomalies in the signals. At the same time, only varying one testing parameter leads to a higher measurement accuracy than for multiple parameters being varied at the same time.…”

Section: Measurement Sensitivitiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Parametrized tests of the strong-field dynamics of general relativity using gravitational wave signals from coalescing binary black holes: Fast likelihood calculations and sensitivity of the method

et al. 2018

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Thanks to the recent discoveries of gravitational wave signals from binary black hole mergers by Advanced Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory and Advanced Virgo, the genuinely strong-field dynamics of spacetime can now be probed, allowing for stringent tests of general relativity (GR). One set of tests consists of allowing for parametrized deformations away from GR in the template waveform models and then constraining the size of the deviations, as was done for the detected signals in previous work. In this paper, we construct reduced-order quadratures so as to speed up likelihood calculations for parameter estimation on future events. Next, we explicitly demonstrate the robustness of the parametrized tests by showing that they will correctly indicate consistency with GR if the theory is valid. We also check to what extent deviations from GR can be constrained as information from an increasing number of detections is combined. Finally, we evaluate the sensitivity of the method to possible violations of GR.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 51%

Section: Measurement Sensitivitiesmentioning

confidence: 81%

Parametrized tests of the strong-field dynamics of general relativity using gravitational wave signals from coalescing binary black holes: Fast likelihood calculations and sensitivity of the method

et al. 2018

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“…The original work focused on tensorial polarizations for quasi-circular binaries and introduced only the leading PN non-GR corrections in Fourier domain. Such an analysis was later extended to include non-tensorial polarizations [76] and multiple PN correction terms [77], and for time domain waveforms [78], eccentric binaries [79] and a sudden turn on of non-GR effects [80,81]. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and Virgo Collaboration developed a generalized IMRPhenom model [61] that is similar to the PPE formalism [82].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Tahura

Yagi

2018

Phys. Rev. D

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Despite the tremendous success of general relativity so far, modified theories of gravity have received increased attention lately, motivated from both theoretical and observational aspects. In particular, gravitational wave observations opened new possibilities for testing the viability of such theories in the dynamical and strong-field regime. One could test each modified theory of gravity against observed data one at a time, though perhaps a more efficient approach would be to first probe gravity in a theory-agnostic way and map such information to that on specific theories afterwards. One example of such model-independent tests of gravity with gravitational waves is the parameterized post-Einsteinian formalism, where one introduces generic parameters in the amplitude and phase that capture non-Einsteinian effects. In this paper, we derive gravitational waveforms from inspiraling compact binaries in various modified theories of gravity that violate at least one fundamental pillar in general relativity, such as the strong equivalence principle, Lorentz and parity invariance and commutativity of spacetime. We achieve this by first deriving relations between corrections to the waveform amplitude/phase and those to the frequency evolution and Kepler's third law, since the latter two have already been (or can easily be) derived in several example modified theories of gravity. In particular, such an analysis allows us to derive corrections to the waveform amplitude, which extends many of previous works that focused on deriving phase corrections only. Moreover, we derive modified gravitational waveforms in theories with varying gravitational constant. In particular, we extend the previous work by introducing two different gravitational constants (the conservative one entering in the binding energy and the dissipative one entering in the gravitational wave luminosity), and allowing masses of binary constituents to also vary with time. We also correct some errors in previous literature. Our results can be used to improve current analyses of testing general relativity with available gravitational wave data, as well as to achieve new projected constraints on various modified theories of gravity with future gravitational wave observations. 1 PPE waveforms due to modifications in the propagation sector can be found in [82,93,94], which have been used for GW150914, GW151226 [82] and GW170104 [56] to constrain the mass of the graviton and Lorentz violation.

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“…We can therefore estimate the most probable measurement uncertainty of tidal parameters by simply injecting that signal into zero-noise [20,[36][37][38]. This saves us from having to perform many MCMC simulations with different noise realizations.…”

Section: Measurability Of Tidal Deformabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[37] that their "averaged" posterior PDF, or more precisely the prior distribution multiplied by a likelihood that is geometrically averaged over a large number of noise realizations, was recovered by setting the noise to zero. We can therefore estimate the most probable measurement uncertainty of tidal parameters by simply injecting that signal into zero-noise [20,[36][37][38]. This saves us from having to perform many MCMC simulations with different noise realizations.…”

Section: Measurability Of Tidal Deformabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic and statistical errors in a Bayesian approach to the estimation of the neutron-star equation of state using advanced gravitational wave detectors

et al. 2014

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Advanced ground-based gravitational-wave detectors are capable of measuring tidal influences in binary neutron-star systems. In this work, we report on the statistical uncertainties in measuring tidal deformability with a full Bayesian parameter estimation implementation. We show how simultaneous measurements of chirp mass and tidal deformability can be used to constrain the neutron-star equation of state. We also study the effects of waveform modeling bias and individual instances of detector noise on these measurements. We notably find that systematic error between post-Newtonian waveform families can significantly bias the estimation of tidal parameters, thus motivating the continued development of waveform models that are more reliable at high frequencies. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.89.103012 PACS numbers: 95.85.Sz, 26.60.Kp I. BACKGROUND AND MOTIVATIONAdvanced interferometric gravitational-wave (GW) detectors currently under construction are expected to begin operating in the next few years. Advanced LIGO [1] is expected to achieve its design sensitivity c. 2019 [2], at which time the detection rate of binary neutron-star (BNS) events in a single detector is expected to be ∼40 yr −1 , though this value is quite uncertain and ranges from 0.4 − 400 yr −1 [3]. When a compact binary coalescence (CBC) signal is detected [4,5], the corresponding interferometer data stream segment is sent through a parameter estimation pipeline to determine the source parameters of the system. Some of these source parameters include the binary component masses and spins, the sky location, distance, and orientation of the system. Bayesian inference is used to explore the probability distribution of the CBC's source parameters by comparing model waveform templates, whose form depends on these source parameters, to the data stream segment containing the GW. For this work, we use LALINFERENCE_MCMC, which is included in the LALINFERENCE LSC Algorithm Library [6], as our parameter estimation pipeline. It is a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) sampler designed to efficiently explore the full waveform parameter space in order to make reliable and meaningful statements about CBC source parameters [7][8][9]. This paper's focus is on measuring the effect of tidal influence on BNS GW signals with advanced detectors. Neutron stars (NSs) in merging CBC systems will be tidally deformed by the gravitational gradient of their companion across their finite diameter. This effect is insignificant at large separations but becomes increasingly significant as the NSs near each other [10]. The internal structure of a NS, which is characterized by its equation of state (EOS), determines how much each star will deform. The amount that a NS deforms will affect the orbital decay rate, which is encoded in the observed gravitational waveform. Therefore, if a gravitational signal from a BNS system is detected, then such a detection could provide insight into the NS EOS [10][11][12][13].In order to make meaningful statements regarding the recoverability of tidal param...

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Gravitational wave tests of strong field general relativity with binary inspirals: Realistic injections and optimal model selection

Cited by 66 publications

References 43 publications

Parametrized tests of the strong-field dynamics of general relativity using gravitational wave signals from coalescing binary black holes: Fast likelihood calculations and sensitivity of the method

Parametrized tests of the strong-field dynamics of general relativity using gravitational wave signals from coalescing binary black holes: Fast likelihood calculations and sensitivity of the method

Parametrized post-Einsteinian gravitational waveforms in various modified theories of gravity

Systematic and statistical errors in a Bayesian approach to the estimation of the neutron-star equation of state using advanced gravitational wave detectors

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