Gravitational spreading of steep-sided ridges (“sackung”) in Western United States

Radbruch-Hall, D. H.; Varnes, David J.; Savage, William Z.

doi:10.1007/bf02634754

Cited by 80 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Links between stresses in ridges and the formation of ridgetop trenches, antiscarps, and tension cracks (collectively termed: sackung) in alpine areas have been postulated by several previous authors (Ferguson, 1967;Radbruch-Hall et al, 1976;Savage and Varnes, 1987). Several British Columbia and Colorado ridges associated with sackung, or bedrock linears, do not reflect the general shapes previously analysed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

“…All of these analytical solutions showed that both the mechanical properties of the rock and the geometrical configuration of the ridge were important in the predicted final stress distributions. Radbruch-Hall et al (1976) used a finite element model (FEM) analysis to show the stress distributions in slopes within two rock types where sackung were observed. A simple conceptual slope, assuming elastoplastic constitutive criterion, was analysed.…”

Section: Past Methods and Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2), and antislope scarps (Fig. 3) based on stress distributions have been presented by several authors (Radbruch-Hall et al, 1976;Savage and Varnes, 1987). The current study adheres to the process and landform terminology of Zischinsky (1966).…”

Section: Geomorphic Featuresmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Analysis of the distributions of stress in natural ridge forms: implications for the deformation mechanisms of rock slopes and the formation of sackung

Kinakin

Stead

2005

Geomorphology

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Section: Past Methods and Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of the distributions of stress in natural ridge forms: implications for the deformation mechanisms of rock slopes and the formation of sackung

Kinakin

Stead

2005

Geomorphology

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“…For slope movement types and processes, we have referred to the classification of Varnes (1978), complemented with the nomenclature for volcanic mass movements by Ui et al (2000) and Vallance (2000), whilst for deep-seated gravitational slope deformations (DSGSD), we follow Zischinsky (1966Zischinsky ( , 1969, Radbruch-Hall et al (1977) and Savage and Varnes (1987).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope instability induced by volcano-tectonics as an additional source of hazard in active volcanic areas: the case of Ischia island (Italy)

et al. 2011

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Ischia is an active volcanic island in the Gulf of Naples whose history has been dominated by a caldera-forming eruption (ca. 55 ka) and resurgence phenomena that have affected the caldera floor and generated a net uplift of about 900 m since 33 ka. The results of new geomorphological, stratigraphical and textural investigations of the products of gravitational movements triggered by volcano-tectonic events have been combined with the information arising from a reinterpretation of historical chronicles on natural phenomena such as earthquakes, ground deformation, gravitational movements and volcanic eruptions. The combined interpretation of all these data shows that gravitational movements, coeval to volcanic activity and uplift events related to the long-lasting resurgence, have affected the highly fractured marginal portions of the most uplifted Mt. Epomeo blocks. Such movements, mostly occurring since 3 ka, include debris avalanches; large debris flows (lahars); smaller mass movements (rock falls, slumps, debris and rock slides, and small debris flows); and deep-seated gravitational slope deformation. The occurrence of submarine deposits linked with subaerial deposits of the most voluminous mass movements clearly shows that the debris avalanches impacted on the sea. The obtained results corroborate the hypothesis that the behaviour of the Ischia volcano is based on an intimate interplay among magmatism, resurgence dynamics, fault generation, seismicity, slope oversteepening and instability, and eruptions. They also highlight that volcano-tectonically triggered mass movements are a potentially hazardous phenomena that have to be taken into account in any attempt to assess volcanic and related hazards at Ischia. Furthermore, the largest mass movements could also flow into the sea, generating tsunami waves that could impact on the island's coast as well as on the neighbouring and densely inhabited coast of the Neapolitan area

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“…DSGSD phenomena were identified and studied long before the term was created and have continued to be a focus of research (Agliardi et al, 2001;Dramis and Sorriso-Valvo, 1984;Dramis et al, 1995;Gulla and Sorriso-Valvo, 1985;Moro et al, 2009;Radbruch-Hall et al, 1976;Savage and Varnes, 1987;Sorriso-Valvo, 1995;Zischinsky, 1969). DSGSDs are extremely slow moving, (0.4-5.0 mm/y) (Agliardi et al, 2009;Varnes et al, 1990) and produce distinctive morphological elements on the slope.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological Features of Rodoretto Valley Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations

Forno¹

2012

American Journal of Environmental Sciences

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A new, detailed survey of the Rodoretto Valley (Western Alps, Italy) has been conducted resulting in the production of a new morphological and quaternary geological map of the area. The authors used the innovative Solid (True) Ortho-Photo (STOP) technology integrated with navigation sensors (Global Navigation Satellite System-GNSS/Inertial Measurement Unit-IMU). This state-of-the-art procedure has demonstrated several operational advantages during both the land survey and the post-processing phases. The survey highlighted remarkable glacial evidences and landforms probably connected with Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations (DSGSDs) phenomena. The glacial forms which have been detected consist of diffuse relics of cirques, glacial slopes, small lateral and frontal moraines and some outwash incisions. The deposits associated with the relics are lodgment till, flowtill and outwash sediments, respectively. The gravitational evidences and the very fractured bedrock that has been recognized on both sides of the Rodoretto Valley, suggest the presence of two DSGSDs which are confirmed also by the occurrence of some doubled ridges in the higher elevation band of the slopes. Moreover, several minor scarps and many longitudinal and transversal trenches, of various size, occur in the intermediate band.Extended landslide bodies have been recognized in the lower altimetric band. The major new geological element detected and interpreted after the survey and the map production is represented by the identification of a well defined WNW-ESE trend of fractured rocks and gravitational landforms. The observed fractures are not limited to the Rodoretto Valley, suggesting the possible connection of the described gravitational landforms with a tectonic discontinuity with the same WNW-ESE trend. This tectonic discontinuity crosses the Cenischia-Nizza System in a zone highlighted by a portion of intensively fractured rocks.

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Gravitational spreading of steep-sided ridges (“sackung”) in Western United States

Cited by 80 publications

References 6 publications

Analysis of the distributions of stress in natural ridge forms: implications for the deformation mechanisms of rock slopes and the formation of sackung

Analysis of the distributions of stress in natural ridge forms: implications for the deformation mechanisms of rock slopes and the formation of sackung

Slope instability induced by volcano-tectonics as an additional source of hazard in active volcanic areas: the case of Ischia island (Italy)

Morphological Features of Rodoretto Valley Deep-Seated Gravitational Slope Deformations

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