Gravitational Pattern of the Y-Bearing Human Spermatozoa in Density Gradient Centrifugation

Rohde, W; Porstmann, T; Prehn, Siegfried; Dörner, G

doi:10.1530/jrf.0.0420587

Cited by 23 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…The most effective way to influence sex ratios in offspring is to determine the sex before fertilization and therefore separate populations of X-and Y-chromosome bearing spermatozoa. Several techniques based on principals such as velocity (BEAL et al, 1984;BEERNINK and ERICSSON, 1982;DMOWSKI et al, 1979;ERICSSON et al, 1973;ZAVOS, 1985), density (BHATTACHARYA, 1958;BHATTACHARYA, 1962;BHATTACHARYA et al, 1966;FLAHERTY et al, 1997;KANEKO et al, 1983;KOBAYASHI et al, 2004;LOPEZ et al, 1993;PYRZAK, 1994;QUINLIVAN et al, 1982;ROHDE et al, 1975;ROSS et al, 1975;SCHILLING and THORMAEHLEN, 1977;SHASTRY et al, 1977;VIDAL et al, 1993;WANG et al, 1994b;WANG et al, 1994a), electric surface charge (BLOTTNER et al, 1994;ENGELMANN et al, 1988;MANGER et al, 1997;SEVINC, 1968;SHIRAI et al, 1974;SHISHITO et al, 1974;UWLAND and WILLEMS, 1975), and immunologically relevant structures (ALI et al, 1990;BENNETT and BOYSE, 1973;BLECHER et al, 1999;ERICKSON et al, 1981;HANCOCK, 1978;HENDRIKSEN et al, 1993;PINKEL et al, 1985;SILLS et al, 1998) have been developed and tested. None of these methods were able to produce statistically significant separa...…”

Section: Techniques To Identify Sex-related Characteristics Of Spermamentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of flowcytometrically sexed spermatozoa in different farm animal species: a review

Klinc¹,

Rath

2006

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. The most efficient way to shift the sex ratio of offspring is to select spermatozoa according to the sex chromosomes. The difference of their DNA-content can be used by flowcytometry to produce populations of either sex at high accuracy. As the method is based on single cell identification, the output of cells is limited, although major improvements were made by high-speed flowcytometry and improved cell orientation in front of the UV-Laser. The state of art is described in this review for the main farm animal species. For bovine AI sex-sorted-frozen spermatozoa are already available on commercial basis, whereas in other species, especially in pigs, the high demand of spermatozoa can hardly be satisfied. However, in combination with other biotechniques like IVF, ICSI, GIFT and special insemination protocols litters of acceptable size were produced under laboratory condition. As in horses and sheep current research is focused in pigs on long time storage of the sex sorted spermatozoa in liquid nitrogen.

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Section: Techniques To Identify Sex-related Characteristics Of Spermamentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of flowcytometrically sexed spermatozoa in different farm animal species: a review

Klinc¹,

Rath

2006

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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“…Rohde et al (1975) described fractionation of human sperm on sucrose density gradients, and found increasing proportions of FO sperm as density increased. A controversial report by Shastry et al (1977) stated that F1 human sperm sedimented through a Percoll gradient more rapidly than FO sperm.…”

Section: Cell Density and Sedimentation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex predetermination by separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm: a review

Windsor

Evans²,

White³

1993

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Historical BackgroundCurrent interest in the possibility of predetermining the sex of human or animal progeny is only a recent manifestation of an age-old phenomenon. The antiquity of the subject is demonstrated by Talmudic references to coital methods of sex preselection, although their interpretation remains obscure (Rosner 1979).The possibility of choosing the sex of a child was also considered by fifth century Greeks. Despite their belief that supernatural forces designated fetal sex, selective infanticide was used to dispose of children with a variety of undesirable characteristics, including inappropriate sex [Cyrus the Great (Heredotus, Book I) and Oedipus]. As an alternative, parents were given access to a number of pre-natal sex selection measures (reviewed by Levin 1987).Hippocrates, for example, proposed that males developed more readily in the right side of the uterus, and females in the left. Appropriate sexual practices were believed to ensure deposition of semen in the correct portion of the female tract, followed (at least in theory) by development of a fetus of the desired sex. Alternatively, ligation or, in extreme cases, removal of the right testis (believed to produce males) or left testis would result in dispatch of the correct type of sperm. Other techniques relied upon manipulation of such factors as the geographical alignment of the nuptial bed, or the removal or retention of boots prior to sexual activity. Even Aristotle, whose belief in semen as the controlling factor in fetal development approached the absolute, attributed sex determination to the relative activity of the parents during intercourse. The popularity of such folkloric methods was maintained into the 20th century, by which time a variety of dietary, sexual and surgical techniques was also included.Such practices were based less upon empirical evidence than on the assumption that sex was determined 'not by inheritance but by the combined effect of external conditions' (Wilson 1896, cited by Farley 1982. This axiom was challenged by the observation that Mendelian genetics provided a possible mechanism for the inheritance of sex at the time of fertilization and the eventual realization that sex was determined by the chromosomal complement of the fertilizing sperm (reviewed by Farley 1982). Recognition of the fact that (in mammals) fertilization by X chromosome-bearing sperm produces females, and Y sperm males, has resulted in most of the scientific 20th century attempts at preconceptual sex selection involving alteration of the X: Y ratio in a sperm population, either in vitro prior to artificial insemination, or in the female tract.Impetus for sexing human sperm was provided by the desire to reduce the incidence of sex-linked genetic disorders. Improvements in artificial breeding technology and the demand for more efficient agricultural production has, however, led to increasing interest in predetermining the sex of the offspring of domestic livestock. The separation of X and Y

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“…Numerous reports have been published in the past three decades in which the authors claim to have demonstrated the use of physical methods to separate X-bearing from Y-bearing sperm. [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] Some of these studies appear to be well designed; unfortunately, the claimed results generally cannot be reproduced. The interested reader should consult Meistrich 20 for a complete discussion of the potential and limitations of physical methods for separation of X and Y sperm.…”

Section: Physical Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender Preselection: Historical, Technical, and Ethical Perspectives

Gledhill¹

1988

Semin Reprod Med

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Gravitational Pattern of the Y-Bearing Human Spermatozoa in Density Gradient Centrifugation

Cited by 23 publications

References 6 publications

Application of flowcytometrically sexed spermatozoa in different farm animal species: a review

Application of flowcytometrically sexed spermatozoa in different farm animal species: a review

Sex predetermination by separation of X and Y chromosome-bearing sperm: a review

Gender Preselection: Historical, Technical, and Ethical Perspectives

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