Gravitational form factors of the proton from near-threshold vector meson photoproduction*

Abstract

We embark on a systematical analysis of the quark and gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) of the proton, by connecting energy-momentum tensor (EMT) and the near-threshold vector meson photoproduction (NTVMP). Concretely, the quark contributions of GFFs are determined by global fitting the cross section of the lightest vector meson ρ0 photoproduction. Combined with the gluon GFFs achieved from heavy quarko nium J/ψ photoproduction data, the complete GFFs are obtained and compared with the experimental results and Lattice QCD determinations. In addition, we use the Resonances Via Pad´e (RVP) method based on the Schlessinger Point Method (SPM) to obtain a model-independent quark D-term distribution by direct analytical continuation of Deep Virtual Compton Scattering (DVCS) experimental data. If errors are considered, the results obtained by RVP are basically consistent with those obtained by NTVMP. Moreover, the comprehensive information on GFFs helps us to uncover the mass distribution and mechanical properties inside the proton. This work is not only an important basis for delving the proton enigmatic properties, but also have significance theoretical guiding for future JLab and EICs experimental measurements. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.