Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of the proton: Connections between distributions in 2D and 3D

Choudhary, Poonam; Gurjar, Bheemsehan; Chakrabarti, Dipankar; Mukherjee, A.

doi:10.1103/physrevd.106.076004

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…As listed in Table 2, those proton mechanical quantities are compared with other existing theoretical results. As shown in Table 2, our statements on the pressure density differ from the findings in previous studies considerably [7,8,[45][46][47]. In fact, the quark contribution to the pressure is bigger than most of those reported previously, regardless of the gluon contribution.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 98%

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Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction*

2023

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Inspired by the recent near-threshold J/ψ photoproduction measurements, we discuss gluon gravitational form factors (GFFs) and internal properties of the proton. This work presents a complete set analysis of the proton gluon GFFs connecting the gluon part of the energy-momentum tensor and the heavy quarkonium pho toproduction. In particular, the gluon GFFs as functions of the squared momentum transfer t are determined by a global fitting of the J/ψ differential and total cross section experimental data. Combined with the quark contributions to the D-term form factor extracted from the deeply virtual Compton scattering experiment, the total D-term are obtained to investigate their applications for the description of the proton mechanical properties. These researches provide a unique perspective for studying the proton gluon GFFs and important information for improving QCD constraints on the gluon GFFs. Content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI. Article funded by SCOAP3 and published under licence by Chinese Physical Society and the Institute of High Energy Physics of the Chinese Academy of Science and the Institute of Modern Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and IOP Publishing Ltd.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 98%

“…The calculation of the mechanical radius is consistent with the results reporetd in Refs. [3,8,[45][46][47], subjected to the error margin.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction*

2023

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“…Extensive GFF model studies for the nucleon and other hadrons were presented in light-front constituent quark models (Pasquini and Boffi, 2007;Sun and Dong, 2020), diquark approaches (Chakrabarti et al, 2020;Choudhary et al, 2022;Fu et al, 2022;Hwang and Mueller, 2008;Kumar et al, 2017), holographic AdS/QCD models Carlson, 2008, 2009;Brodsky and de Teramond, 2008;Chakrabarti et al, 2015;Fujita et al, 2022;Mamo and Zahed, 2020Mondal, 2016;Mondal et al, 2016), a large-N c bag model (Lorcé et al, 2022b;Neubelt et al, 2020), a cloudy bag model (Owa et al, 2022), light-cone QCD sum rules (Aliev et al, 2021;Anikin, 2019;Özdem, 2020, 2021;Özdem and Azizi, 2020), the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model (Freese et al, 2019), chiral quark-soliton model with strange and heavier quarks (Ghim et al, 2022;Won et al, 2022), a dual model with complex Regge trajectories (Fiore et al, 2021), and in an instant-form relativistic impulse approximation approach Troitsky, 2021, 2022). Algebraic GPD Ansätze were used to shed light on pion and kaon GFFs (Raya et al, 2022) and toy models (Kim et al, 2022a) as well as light-cone convo-lution models (Freese and Cosyn, 2022a) were used to study the deuteron GFFs.…”

Section: B Gffs In Model Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Colloquium: Gravitational Form Factors of the Proton

Burkert,

Elouadrhiri,

Girod

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The physics of the gravitational form factors of the proton, and their understanding within quantum chromodynamics, has advanced significantly in the past two decades through both theory and experiment. This Colloquium provides an overview of this progress, highlights the physical insights unveiled by studies of gravitational form factors, and reviews their interpretation in terms of the mechanical properties of the proton. CONTENTS I. Introduction 1 A. Anomalous magnetic moment 1 B. The proton's finite size 1 C. Discovery of partons 2 D. Colored quarks and gluons, QCD, and confinement 2 E. Proton mass, spin and D-term 3 II. The energy-momentum tensor 3 A. Definition of the EMT operator 3 B. Trace anomaly 4 C. Definition of the proton GFFs 4 D. Decomposition of proton mass 4 E. Decomposition of proton spin 6 III. Measuring gravitational form factors 6 A. Deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS) 6 B. DVCS with positron and electron beams 8 C. γγ * → π 0 π 0 and J/Ψ threshold production 8 D. Time-like Compton scattering, double DVCS and deeply virtual meson production 8 IV. Theoretical Results 9 A. Chiral symmetry and the D-term of the pion 9 B. GFFs in model studies 9 C. Limits in QCD and dispersion relations 10 D. Lattice QCD 11 V. Experimental results 12 A. DVCS in fixed-target and collider experiments 13 B. First extraction of the proton GFF Dq(t) 13 C. Future experimental developments to access GFFs. 16 D. Other phenomenological studies 16 VI. Interpretation 17 A. The static EMT 17 B. The stress tensor and the D-term 17 C. Normal forces and the sign of the D-term 18 D. The mechanical radius of the proton and neutron 18 E. First visualization of forces from experiment 18 F. The D-term and long-range forces 19

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“…Because of the Galilean symmetry in the light-front framework, such 2D distributions are fully relativistic. A connection between the 2D and 3D distributions can be obtained in terms of Abel transformation [28,29]. The gravitational form factors have been extensively studied for the nucleon with various models namely the simple multi-pole model [22], the chiral quark soliton model [30][31][32], the Bag model [33], the Skyrme model [34,35], AdS/QCD motivated diquark model [36], in chiral perturbation theory [37][38][39], and in Lattice QCD [40][41][42][43][44].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gluon contribution to the mechanical properties of a dressed quark in light-front Hamiltonian QCD

More¹,

Mukherjee²,

Nair³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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We calculate the contribution to the gravitational form factors (GFFs) from the gluon part of the energy-momentum tensor in QCD. We take a simple spin 1/2 composite state, namely a quark dressed with a gluon. We use the light-front Hamiltonian QCD approach in the light-front gauge. We also present the effect of the gluon on the mechanical properties like the pressure, shear and energy distributions of the dressed quark state.

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Gravitational form factors and mechanical properties of the proton: Connections between distributions in 2D and 3D

Cited by 9 publications

References 51 publications

Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction*

Gluon gravitational form factors of protons from charmonium photoproduction*

Colloquium: Gravitational Form Factors of the Proton

Gluon contribution to the mechanical properties of a dressed quark in light-front Hamiltonian QCD

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