Gravitational Creep of Rock Masses on Slopes

Radbruch-Hall, D. H.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-41507-3.50025-8

Cited by 128 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Similar features in Haast Schist are well-known in central Otago, where they attain depths of 10 2 m, with movement assisted by high-pressure, perched water tables, and movement rates of up to 10 1 mm a −1 (Gillon et al, 1992) along dip-slope schistosity planes. Deep-seated creep at Carls Ridge above Hendes Creek, Wanganui River, showed historic acceleration of movement rates and rapid failure ('creep rupture'; Radbruch-Hall, 1978;Chigira and Kiho, 1994). There, gradual debuttressing caused rapid headscarp extension at 1·6-1·8 m a ) complex rotational rock-block formerly truncated by ridge rents.…”

Section: Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (Dsgsd)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Large landslides and their effect on sediment flux in South Westland, New Zealand

Korup

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

114

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Landslides and runoff are dominant erosional agents in the tectonically active alpine South Westland area of New Zealand, characterized by high uplift rates and extreme orographic precipitation. Despite a high density of shallow debris slides and flows, the geomorphic imprints of deep-seated bedrock failures are dominant and persistent. Over 50 large (> > > > >1 km 2 ) landslides comprising rock slide/avalanches, complex rotational and rock-block slides, wedge failures, and deep-seated gravitational slope deformation were detected on air photos and shaded-relief images. Major long-term impacts on alpine rivers include (1) forced alluviation upstream of landslide dams, (2) occlusion of gorges and triggering of secondary riparian landslides, and (3) diversion of channels around deposits to form incised meandering gorges. Remnants of large prehistoric (i.e. pre-1840) landslide deposits possibly represent the low-frequency (in terms of total area affected yet dominant) end of the spectrum of mass wasting in the western Southern Alps. This is at odds with high erosion rates in an active erosional landscape. Large landslides appear to have dual roles of supplying and retaining sediment. The implications of these roles are that (1) previous models of (shallow) landslide-derived sediment flux need to be recalibrated, and (2) geomorphic effects of earthquake-induced landsliding may persist for at least 10 2 years.

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Section: Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (Dsgsd)mentioning

confidence: 96%

Large landslides and their effect on sediment flux in South Westland, New Zealand

Korup

2005

Earth Surf Processes Landf

114

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“…Radbruch-Hall (1978) and Zaruba & Mencl (1982) summarized most of these features, providing an excellent illustration of uphill-facing scarps that was subsequently studied in detail by Bovis (1982). Recent work by Agliardi et al (2001) and Ambrosi & Crosta (2006) shows the importance of progressive slope failure mechanisms, and the close link between pre-existing tectonic structures and glacial unloading.…”

Section: Structures Associated With Slope Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slope tectonics: a short introduction

Jaboyedoff

Crosta

Stead

2011

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Geomorphology, structural geology and engineering geology allow description of the main characteristics of a slope in distinct ways that can be combined to provide a complementary view of the operative slope processes. The subjects presented in this Special Publication include: slope morphology and evolution; mechanical behaviour of the material; modes of failure and collapse; influence of lithology and structural features; and the role played by controlling factors. This Slope Tectonics volume comprises a series of very different contributions that attempt to underline a multidisciplinary approach that should form the framework of slope instability studies.Slope Tectonics is adopted in this volume to mean deformation that is induced or fully controlled by the slope morphology and that generates features that can be compared to tectonic features. The stress field in a slope is the result of gravity, topography and the geological setting created by an ensemble of geodynamic processes. Active tectonics (also called neotectonics) generates a stress field that can control slope processes; a strong feedback existing between geological history, tectonics, lithology, geomorphological evolution and topography.As a consequence, a list of factors and their relative influence can be presented.

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“…The trenches occur along or just downslope from and subparallel to the crests of a few high mountain ridges. Sackung features are interpreted to have formed by gravitational spreading of a ridge by gradual displacement along a series of disconnected planes or by deep-seated plastic deformation of the rock mass without formation of a through-going slide plane (Radbruch-Hall, 1978;Savage and Varnes, 1987). Although the process is not fully understood, conditions especially conducive to sackung formation are thought to include oversteepened valley walls left unsupported after retreat of a glacier.…”

Section: Colluvial Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%