First-order phase transitions, which take place when the symmetries are predominantly
broken (and masses are then generated) through radiative corrections, produce observable
gravitational waves and primordial black holes. We provide a model-independent approach that is
valid for large-enough supercooling to quantitatively describe these phenomena in terms of few
parameters, which are computable once the model is specified. The validity of a
previously-proposed approach of this sort is extended here to a larger class of theories. Among
other things, we identify regions of the parameter space that correspond to the background of
gravitational waves recently detected by pulsar timing arrays (NANOGrav, CPTA, EPTA, PPTA) and
others that are either excluded by the observing runs of LIGO and Virgo or within the reach of
future gravitational wave detectors. Furthermore, we find regions of the parameter space where
primordial black holes produced by large over-densities due to such phase transitions can account
for dark matter. Finally, it is shown how this model-independent approach can be applied to
specific cases, including a phenomenological completion of the Standard Model with right-handed
neutrinos and gauged B - L undergoing radiative symmetry breaking.