Graviperception and motility of three Prorocentrum strains impaired by solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation

Sebastian, Claudia; Scheuerlein, Robert; Häder, Donat‐P.

doi:10.1007/bf00381935

Cited by 15 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Due to the depletion of the ozone layer caused by anthropogenic chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (29) the ambient level of UV‐B reaching the Earth’s surface has been increasing in recent years, predominantly in the polar regions (30,31) and this has motivated an increasing number of investigations devoted to evaluate the impact of UVR on living organisms. Nowadays, extensive literature reports many UVR‐induced effects on phytoplankton organisms (3) but relatively few studies have been devoted to evaluate the effects of solar radiation on diverse motility parameters of these autotrophs (32,33). Here, we specifically determined how solar radiation conditions affected the vertical distribution of cells in the water column, and which portion of the solar spectra was most effective in causing changes in swimming speed and number of motile cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

Richter

Häder

Gonçalves

et al. 2007

Photochem & Photobiology

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Diurnal vertical migration in the water column and the impact of solar radiation on motility were investigated in three marine phytoplankton species: Tetraselmis suecica, Dunaliella salina and Gymnodinium chlorophorum. Cells were exposed to solar radiation either in ultraviolet radiation (UVR, 280-400 nm) transparent Plexiglas tubes (45 cm length, 10 cm diameter) or in quartz tubes under three radiation treatments: PAB (280-700 nm), PA (320-700 nm) and P (400-700 nm). The three species displayed different behavior after exposure to solar radiation. Tetraselmis suecica was insensitive to UVR and under high solar radiation levels, cells accumulated preferentially near the surface. Exposure experiments did not indicate any significant changes in swimming speed nor in the percentage of motile cells after 5 h of exposure. On the other hand, D. salina was sensitive to UV-B displaying a significant decrease in swimming speed and percentage of motile cells after 2-3 h of exposure. Moreover, D. salina cells migrated deep in the water column when irradiance was high. The response of G. chlorophorum was in between that of the other two species tested, with a slight (but significant) decrease in swimming speed and percentage of motile cells in all radiation treatments after 5 h of exposure. While G. chlorophorum cells were more or less homogenously distributed in the water column, a slight (but significant) avoidance response to high radiation was observed at local noon, with cells migrating deep in the water column. Our data clearly indicate that these sub-lethal effects of solar radiation are species-specific and they might have important implications for the aquatic ecosystem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

Richter

Häder

Gonçalves

et al. 2007

Photochem & Photobiology

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“…1997, Fauchot et al. 2005b), UV radiation can impair the motility of flagellated algae (Sebastian et al. 1994a).…”

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confidence: 99%

GROWTH AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN THREE DINOFLAGELLATES (INCLUDING TWO STRAINS OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE) AND ONE DIATOM EXPOSED TO FOUR WEEKS OF NATURAL AND ENHANCED ULTRAVIOLET‐B RADIATION¹

Laurion

Roy

2009

Journal of Phycology

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Long-term growth response to natural solar radiation with enhanced ultraviolet-B (UVB) exposure was examined in two species of dinoflagellates [Alexandrium tamarense (M. Lebour) Balech, At, and Heterocapsa triquetra (Ehrenb.) F. Stein, Ht], including two strains of A. tamarense, one from Spain and another from UK, and one diatom species (Thalassiosira pseudonana Hasle et Heimdal). We examined whether variable photoprotection (mycosporine-like amino acids [MAAs] and xanthophyll-cycle pigments) affected photosynthetic performance, phytoplankton light absorption, and growth. Growth rate was significantly reduced under enhanced UVB for the UK strain of At and for Ht (both grew very little) as well as for the diatom (that maintained high growth rates), but there was no effect for the Spanish strain of At. MAA concentration was high in the dinoflagellates, but undetectable in the diatom, which instead used the xanthophyll cycle for photoprotection. The highest cell concentrations of MAAs and photoprotective pigments were observed in the UK strain of At, along with lowest growth rates and F v ⁄ F m , indicating high stress levels. In contrast, the Spanish strain showed progressive acclimation to the experimental conditions, with no significant difference in growth between treatments. Increase in total MAAs followed linearly the cumulative UVB of the preceding day, and both total and primary MAAs were maintained at higher constitutive levels in this strain. Acclimation to enhanced UVB in the diatom resulted in an increase in PSII activity and reduction in nonphotochemical quenching, indicating an increased resistance to photoinhibition after a few weeks. All four species showed increased phytoplankton light absorption under enhanced UVB. Large intrastrain differences suggest a need to consider more closely intraspecific variability in UV studies.

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“…These studies have shown that present-day levels of solar UV-B radiation at mid-latitudes can affect aspects of phytoplankton motility (e.g. Sebastian et al, 1994), primary productivity of phytoplankton and macroalgae (Cullen and Neale, 1994;Grobe and Murphy, 1994, and refs. therein), and interactions between plants and herbivores (Bothwell et al, 1994).…”

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Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation Affects Seedling Emergence, DNA Integrity, Plant Morphology, Growth Rate, and Attractiveness to Herbivore Insects in Datura ferox

et al. 1996

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To study functional relationships between the effects of solar ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-8) on different aspects of the physiology of a wild plant, we carried out exclusion experiments i n the field with the summer annual Datura ferox L. Solar UV-B incident over Buenos Aires reduced daytime seedling emergence, inhibited stem elongation and leaf expansion, and tended to reduce biomass accumulation during early growth. However, UV-B had no effect on calculated net assimilation rate. Using a monoclonal antibody specific to the cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimer (CPD), we found that plants receiving full sunlight had more CPDs per unit of DNA than plants shielded from solar UV-B, but the positive correlation between UV-B and CPD burden tended to leve1 off at high (near solar) UV-B levels. At our field site, Dafura plants were consumed by leaf beetles (Coleoptera), and the proportion of plants attacked by insects declined with the amount of UV-B received during growth. Field experiments showed that plant exposure to solar UV-B reduced the likelihood of leaf beetle attack by one-half. Our results highlight the complexities associated with scaling plant responses to solar UV-6, because they show: (a) a lack of correspondence between UV-B effects on net assimilation rate and whole-plant growth rate, (b) nonlinear UV-B dose-response curves, and (c) UV-B effects of plant attractiveness to natural herbivores.Plant responses to enhanced UV-B radiation have received considerable attention during the last several years, particularly since a general erosion of the stratospheric ozone layer was documented on a global scale (for review, see World Meteorological Organization, 1995) and increased UV-B irradiances at the ground surface were measured in some locations (for refs., see Madronich et al., 1995). The current literature has been reviewed extensively by Bornman and Teramura (1993), Tevini (1993), Caldwell and Flint (1994), and Caldwell et al. (1995. Considering the attention given to predicting the impacts of increased UV-B, it is surprising that the effects of natural, present-day UV-B irradiances on the functioning of terrestrial plants and plant communities are poorly characterized. Early studies of solar UV-B exclusion (e.g. Brodfihrer, 1955) have been criticized, especially with respect to the lack of appropriate controls, the possibility of differences in the thermal regime between UV-B treatments, or the optical instability of the filters employed (Caldwell, 1971). In more recent times there have been a few studies of the effects of solar UV-B exclusion on terrestrial plants. In one approach, solar UV-B is filtered through a thm layer of ozone that is passed through a cuvette of UV-B-transparent plexiglass. With this techque, Tevini and associates showed that solar UV-B radiation incident at low latitudes can affect growth and morphology of seedlings grown under controlled conditions of temperature and air humidity (see Tevini, 1993). In another approach, filters of PE, polyvinyl chloride, or other plastic polymers ar...

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Graviperception and motility of three Prorocentrum strains impaired by solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

GROWTH AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN THREE DINOFLAGELLATES (INCLUDING TWO STRAINS OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE) AND ONE DIATOM EXPOSED TO FOUR WEEKS OF NATURAL AND ENHANCED ULTRAVIOLET‐B RADIATION¹

Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation Affects Seedling Emergence, DNA Integrity, Plant Morphology, Growth Rate, and Attractiveness to Herbivore Insects in Datura ferox

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Graviperception and motility of three Prorocentrum strains impaired by solar and artificial ultraviolet radiation

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation†

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation†

GROWTH AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN THREE DINOFLAGELLATES (INCLUDING TWO STRAINS OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE) AND ONE DIATOM EXPOSED TO FOUR WEEKS OF NATURAL AND ENHANCED ULTRAVIOLET‐B RADIATION1

Solar Ultraviolet-B Radiation Affects Seedling Emergence, DNA Integrity, Plant Morphology, Growth Rate, and Attractiveness to Herbivore Insects in Datura ferox

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Product

Resources

About

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

Vertical Migration and Motility Responses in Three Marine Phytoplankton Species Exposed to Solar Radiation^†

GROWTH AND PHOTOPROTECTION IN THREE DINOFLAGELLATES (INCLUDING TWO STRAINS OF ALEXANDRIUM TAMARENSE) AND ONE DIATOM EXPOSED TO FOUR WEEKS OF NATURAL AND ENHANCED ULTRAVIOLET‐B RADIATION¹