Gravid Culex pipiens Exhibit A Reduced Susceptibility to Ultra–Low Volume Adult Control Treatments Under Field Conditions

Clifton, Mark; Xamplas, Christopher; Nasci, Roger S.; Harbison, Justin E.

doi:10.2987/19-6848.1

Cited by 15 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A comparative field evaluation of the BG-Counter is not readily available in the published literature, but a limited number of reports suggest that the BG-Counter is an effective tool in a number of organized mosquito control districts in Florida, Louisiana, Illinois, and California (Biogents 2019, Clifton et al 2019, Lucas et al 2019. These states generally have a robust mosquito control infrastructure, highly abundant nuisance mosquito populations, and endemic mosquito-borne diseases.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Dependent Accuracy of the BG-Counter Remote Mosquito Surveillance Device in North Carolina

Day

Richards

Reiskind

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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There is a clear need for improved vector surveillance approaches that are affordable, labor efficient, and safer than traditional methods. The BG-Counter (Biogents USA, Moorefield, WV) is a device for remotely monitoring mosquito activity in combination with the BG-Sentinel (Biogents USA), a widely used trap for the collection of host-seeking mosquitoes. The BG-Counter uses a wireless connection to provide real-time counts of mosquitoes captured by the BG-Sentinel, allowing users to remotely monitor mosquito populations. This study tested the effectiveness of the BG-Counter in 5 North Carolina counties. A total of 96 trap-days resulted in the collection of >45,000 individual mosquitoes representing 35 species. Aedes albopictus was the most common species collected in all counties, except for New Hanover County where Culex nigripalpus was the most common. The mean daily accuracy ranged from 80.1% (New Hanover County) to 9.4% (Jackson County). There was a significant linear relationship between the actual number of mosquitoes collected and the device counts at all sites except Jackson County, the site with the lowest relative mosquito abundance compared with nontarget organisms. A linear regression of daily BG-Counter accuracy and the daily proportion of mosquitoes to the total number of arthropods collected revealed a significant positive linear relationship, supporting the premise that the BG-Counter is less effective when the relative abundance of mosquitoes is low. Mosquito surveillance programs using the BG-Counter should recognize its context-dependent accuracy and routinely evaluate the accuracy of the device based on local conditions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context-Dependent Accuracy of the BG-Counter Remote Mosquito Surveillance Device in North Carolina

Day

Richards

Reiskind

et al. 2020

Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association

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“…An average 65.3% reduction in Cx. pipiens/restuans populations was observed within 24 hours of truck-mounted applications of a pyrethroid [52]. In contrast, no signi cant changes in Cx.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Spatio-temporal impacts of aerial adulticide applications on populations of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes

Holcomb

Reiner

Barker

2021

Preprint

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Background: Aerial applications of insecticides that target adult mosquitoes are widely used to reduce transmission of West Nile virus to humans during periods of epidemic risk. However, estimates of the reduction in abundance following these treatments typically focus on single events, rely on pre-defined, untreated control sites, and can vary widely due to stochastic variation in population dynamics and trapping success unrelated to the treatment.Methods: To overcome these limitations, we developed generalized additive models fitted to mosquito surveillance data from CO2-baited traps in Sacramento and Yolo counties, California from 2006-2017. The models accounted for the expected spatial and temporal trends in the abundance of adult female Culex tarsalis and Culex pipiens in the absence of aerial spraying. Estimates for the magnitude of deviation from baseline abundance following aerial spray events were obtained from the models.Results: One-week post-treatment with full spatial coverage of the trapping area by pyrethroid or pyrethrin products, Cx. pipiens abundance was reduced by a mean of 52.4% (95% CI: -65.6, -36.5%) while the use of at least one organophosphate pesticide resulted in a 76.2% (95% CI: -82.8, -67.9%) reduction. For Cx. tarsalis one-week post-treatment with full coverage resulted in a 30.7% (95% CI: -54.5, 2.5%) reduction; pesticide class was not a significant factor contributing to reduction. In comparison, repetition of spraying over three to four consecutive weeks resulted in similar estimates for Cx. pipiens and a somewhat smaller magnitude for Cx. tarsalis.Conclusions: Aerial adulticides are effective for rapid short-term reduction of the abundance of the primary West Nile virus vectors, Cx. tarsalis and Cx. pipiens. A larger magnitude of reduction is estimated in Cx. pipiens, possibly due to the species’ focal distribution. Effects of aerial sprays on Cx. tarsalis populations are likely modulated by the species’ large dispersal ability, population sizes, and vast productive larval habitat present in the study area. Our modeling approach provides a new way to estimate effects of public-health pesticides on vector populations using routinely collected observational data and accounting for spatio-temporal trends and contextual factors like weather and habitat. It does not require pre-selected control sites and expands upon past studies that have focused on effects of individual aerial treatment events.

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“…For example, Elnaiem et al (2008) showed 75% reduction of Cx. pipiens in Sacramento decreasing the risk of WNV infection, while Clifton et al (2019) showed that pyrethroid ULV treatments decreased host seeking females 24 h after treatment by 65.3% but not gravid females in Chicago (USA), possibly not affecting infection rate of the population. In case of RVFV introduction in Europe, vector control, such as adulticide treatments, would be in place if transmission in human cases is detected, similar to WNV scenario.…”

Section: Vector Controlmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…pipiens in Sacramento decreasing the risk of WNV infection, while Clifton et al. (2019) showed that pyrethroid ULV treatments decreased host seeking females 24 h after treatment by 65.3% but not gravid females in Chicago (USA), possibly not affecting infection rate of the population.…”

Section: Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rift Valley Fever – assessment of effectiveness of surveillance and control measures in the EU

Nielsen¹,

Álvarez²,

Bicout³

et al. 2020

EFS2

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Effectiveness of surveillance and control measures against Rift Valley Fever (RVF) in Mayotte (overseas France) and in continental EU were assessed using mathematical models. Surveillance for early detection of RVF virus circulation implies very low design prevalence values and thus sampling a high number of animals, so feasibility issues may rise. Passive surveillance based on notified abortions in ruminants is key for early warning and at present the only feasible surveillance option. The assessment of vaccination and culling against RVF in Mayotte suggests that vaccination is more effective when quickly implemented throughout the population, e.g. at a rate of 200 or 2,000 animals vaccinated per day. Test and cull is not an option for RVF control in Mayotte given the high number of animals that would need to be tested. If the risk of RVFV introduction into the continental EU increases, ruminant establishments close to possible points of disease incursion should be included in the surveillance. An enhanced surveillance on reproductive disorders should be applied during summer in risk areas. Serosurveillance targets of 0.3% animals should be at least considered. RVF control measures possibly applied in the continental EU have been assessed in the Netherlands, as an example. Culling animals on farms within a 20 km radius of detected farms appears as the most effective measure to control RVF spread, although too many animals should be culled. Alternative measures are vaccination in a 50 km radius around detection, ring vaccination between 20 and 50 km and culling of detected farms. The assessment of zoning showed that, following RVFV introduction and considering an R 0 = 2, a mean vector dispersal of 10 km and 10 farms initially detected, RVFV would spread beyond a radius of up to 100 km or 50 km from the infected area with 10% or 55% probability, respectively.

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Gravid Culex pipiens Exhibit A Reduced Susceptibility to Ultra–Low Volume Adult Control Treatments Under Field Conditions

Cited by 15 publications

References 37 publications

Context-Dependent Accuracy of the BG-Counter Remote Mosquito Surveillance Device in North Carolina

Context-Dependent Accuracy of the BG-Counter Remote Mosquito Surveillance Device in North Carolina

Spatio-temporal impacts of aerial adulticide applications on populations of West Nile virus vector mosquitoes

Rift Valley Fever – assessment of effectiveness of surveillance and control measures in the EU

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