Graves’ disease after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and review of the literature

Takedani, Kai; Notsu, Masakazu; Ishiai, Naoto; Asami, Yu; Uchida, Kazuhiko; Kanasaki, Keizo

doi:10.1186/s12902-023-01387-2

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 48 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Autoimmune-related thyroid and renal case reports include that of Graves’ disease following the second dose of the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine [ 143 ] and “rapidly progressive IgA nephropathy” following the third dose of the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine [ 144 ]. A 78-year-old woman developed IgG4-related sialadenitis and autoimmune pancreatitis following her second Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, the authors concluded: “the use of mRNA vaccines requires more studies regarding their effects on the human immune system” [ 145 ] (p. 1550).…”

Section: Evidence Of ‘Spikeopathy’—spike Protein Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Parry,

Lefringhausen,

Turni

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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The COVID-19 pandemic caused much illness, many deaths, and profound disruption to society. The production of ‘safe and effective’ vaccines was a key public health target. Sadly, unprecedented high rates of adverse events have overshadowed the benefits. This two-part narrative review presents evidence for the widespread harms of novel product COVID-19 mRNA and adenovectorDNA vaccines and is novel in attempting to provide a thorough overview of harms arising from the new technology in vaccines that relied on human cells producing a foreign antigen that has evidence of pathogenicity. This first paper explores peer-reviewed data counter to the ‘safe and effective’ narrative attached to these new technologies. Spike protein pathogenicity, termed ‘spikeopathy’, whether from the SARS-CoV-2 virus or produced by vaccine gene codes, akin to a ‘synthetic virus’, is increasingly understood in terms of molecular biology and pathophysiology. Pharmacokinetic transfection through body tissues distant from the injection site by lipid-nanoparticles or viral-vector carriers means that ‘spikeopathy’ can affect many organs. The inflammatory properties of the nanoparticles used to ferry mRNA; N1-methylpseudouridine employed to prolong synthetic mRNA function; the widespread biodistribution of the mRNA and DNA codes and translated spike proteins, and autoimmunity via human production of foreign proteins, contribute to harmful effects. This paper reviews autoimmune, cardiovascular, neurological, potential oncological effects, and autopsy evidence for spikeopathy. With many gene-based therapeutic technologies planned, a re-evaluation is necessary and timely.

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Section: Evidence Of ‘Spikeopathy’—spike Protein Pathogenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Parry,

Lefringhausen,

Turni

et al. 2023

Biomedicines

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show abstract

“…During the SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) pandemic, cases of Graves disease and subacute thyroiditis related to COVID-19 infection or vaccination were reported, presumably due to the immunogenic nature of COVID-19. [18][19][20] A retrospective study reported a 2-fold increase in the incidence of Graves disease in a Spanish hospital in 2020-2021 compared with the pre-COVID-19 years (2017-2019). 21…”

Section: Covid-19 and Hyperthyroidismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperthyroidism

Lee,

Pearce

2023

JAMA

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ImportanceOvert hyperthyroidism, defined as suppressed thyrotropin (previously thyroid-stimulating hormone) and high concentration of triiodothyronine (T3) and/or free thyroxine (FT4), affects approximately 0.2% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Subclinical hyperthyroidism, defined as low concentrations of thyrotropin and normal concentrations of T3 and FT4, affects approximately 0.7% to 1.4% of people worldwide. Untreated hyperthyroidism can cause cardiac arrhythmias, heart failure, osteoporosis, and adverse pregnancy outcomes. It may lead to unintentional weight loss and is associated with increased mortality.ObservationsThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves disease, with a global prevalence of 2% in women and 0.5% in men. Other causes of hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis include toxic nodules and the thyrotoxic phase of thyroiditis. Common symptoms of thyrotoxicosis include anxiety, insomnia, palpitations, unintentional weight loss, diarrhea, and heat intolerance. Patients with Graves disease may have a diffusely enlarged thyroid gland, stare, or exophthalmos on examination. Patients with toxic nodules (ie, in which thyroid nodules develop autonomous function) may have symptoms from local compression of structures in the neck by the thyroid gland, such as dysphagia, orthopnea, or voice changes. Etiology can typically be established based on clinical presentation, thyroid function tests, and thyrotropin-receptor antibody status. Thyroid scintigraphy is recommended if thyroid nodules are present or the etiology is unclear. Thyrotoxicosis from thyroiditis may be observed if symptomatic or treated with supportive care. Treatment options for overt hyperthyroidism from autonomous thyroid nodules or Graves disease include antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine ablation, and surgery. Treatment for subclinical hyperthyroidism is recommended for patients at highest risk of osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease, such as those older than 65 years or with persistent serum thyrotropin level less than 0.1 mIU/L.Conclusions and RelevanceHyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults worldwide and is associated with osteoporosis, heart disease, and increased mortality. First-line treatments are antithyroid drugs, thyroid surgery, and radioactive iodine treatment. Treatment choices should be individualized and patient centered.

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“…Despite substantial advancements and positive results from vaccine candidate trials, several challenges still exist. These challenges include potential adverse effects of vaccines, the need for an ultra-cold supply chain for mRNA vaccines, and the weak immunogenicity of recombinant antigens even with the presence of aluminum salts as adjuvants ( 75 ). Despite these obstacles, vaccines are still being delivered worldwide to prevent virus-related diseases ( 76 ).…”

Section: Probiotics In the Post-covid-19 Eramentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era

Kanauchi,

Low,

Jounai

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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The COVID-19 outbreak has caused significant global changes and increased public awareness of SARS-CoV-2. Substantial progress in developing vaccines, enhancing sanitation practices, and implementing various measures to combat the virus, including the utilization of probiotics has been made. This comprehensive review examined the medical impact of clinically proven probiotics on infectious diseases, considering three crucial time periods: before (pre-), during (mid-), and after (post-) COVID-19 pandemic era. This review also showed a perspective on the use of probiotics to stimulate the innate immune system and prevent infectious diseases. In pre-COVID-19 era, several probiotic strains were found to be clinically effective in addressing gastrointestinal infectious diseases, the common cold and flu. However, the mechanism by which probiotics exerted their antiviral effects remained relatively unclear during that period. Nevertheless, probiotics, Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma), and others have gained attention for their unique ability to modulate the immune system and demonstrate antiviral properties. While some probiotics have shown promise in alleviating gastrointestinal symptoms linked to COVID-19, their direct effectiveness in treating or preventing COVID-19 progression has not yet been conclusively established. As we transition into the post-COVID-19 era, the relationship between COVID-19 and plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs), a vital component of the innate immune system, has been gradually elucidated. These findings are now being applied in developing novel vaccines and treatments involving interferons and in immune activation research using probiotics as adjuvants, comparable to CpG-DNA through TLR9. The role of the local innate immune system, including pDCs, as the first line of defense against viral infections has gained increasing interest. Moving forward, insight of the immune system and the crosstalk between probiotics and the innate immune system is expected to highlight the role of probiotics in adjunctive immunoregulatory therapy. In combination with drug treatments, probiotics may play a more substantial role in enhancing immune responses. The immunoregulatory approach using probiotics such as LC-Plasma, which can induce anti-infectious factors such as interferons, holds promise as a viable therapeutic and prophylactic option against viral infectious diseases due to their good safety profile and protective efficacy.

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Graves’ disease after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine: a case report and review of the literature

Cited by 7 publications

References 48 publications

‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

‘Spikeopathy’: COVID-19 Spike Protein Is Pathogenic, from Both Virus and Vaccine mRNA

Hyperthyroidism

Overview of anti-viral effects of probiotics via immune cells in pre-, mid- and post-SARS-CoV2 era

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