Graupel in the different developing stages of Baiu monsoon clouds observed by videosondes

Suzuki, Kenji; Matsuo, Midori; Nakano, Eri; Shigeto, Shunsuke; Yamaguchi, Kosei; Nakakita, Eiichi

doi:10.1016/j.atmosres.2013.09.020

Cited by 14 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…4). Videosonde observations in the tropics and sub-tropics showed graupel in the upper level in convective clouds but graupel was rarely observed in stratiform clouds, in which the BB is detected by radar remote sensing (Suzuki et al 2014(Suzuki et al , 2016a(Suzuki et al , 2018. Thus, the flagHeavy-IcePrecip is effective for precipitation type classification of winter snow clouds, and the hydrometeor measurements in the present study confirm that the precipitation type classification by the GPM DPR algorithm V05 is reasonable.…”

Section: Validation Of Gpm Dpr Precipitation Type Classificationsupporting

confidence: 75%

“…To develop precipitation type classification methods, the direct measurement of precipitation particles is essential. Upper air soundings have been conducted with a special balloon-borne instrument called videosonde (Suzuki et al 2012(Suzuki et al , 2014(Suzuki et al , 2016a(Suzuki et al , 2018Watanabe et al 2014;Takahashi et al 2017). The videosonde is a powerful tool for measuring the vertical profiles of precipitation particles in clouds, but it cannot be continuously operated for a long time and cannot measure particle weights.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ground Validation of GPM DPR Precipitation Type Classification Algorithm by Precipitation Particle Measurements in Winter

Suzuki

Kamamoto

Nakagawa

et al. 2019

SOLA

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Section: Validation Of Gpm Dpr Precipitation Type Classificationsupporting

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ground Validation of GPM DPR Precipitation Type Classification Algorithm by Precipitation Particle Measurements in Winter

Suzuki

Kamamoto

Nakagawa

et al. 2019

SOLA

Self Cite

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“…In another instrument, the videosonde (e.g. Takahashi, 1990Takahashi, , 2006Suzuki et al, 2014), the primary component is a video camera with flash lamp that takes video images of falling particles introduced into the instrument; the studies by Takahashi also use an induction ring to measure the electric charge of the particles. The videosonde has been primarily used for studies of precipitating clouds in the Asian monsoon region (Takahashi, 2006), while the HYVIS has been used for studies of midlatitude cirrus clouds (Orikasa et al, 2013;Orikasa and Murakami, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a cloud particle sensor for radiosonde sounding

et al. 2016

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Abstract. A meteorological balloon-borne cloud sensor called the cloud particle sensor (CPS) has been developed. The CPS is equipped with a diode laser at ∼ 790 nm and two photodetectors, with a polarization plate in front of one of the detectors, to count the number of particles per second and to obtain the cloud-phase information (i.e. liquid, ice, or mixed). The lower detection limit for particle size was evaluated in laboratory experiments as ∼ 2 µm diameter for water droplets. For the current model the output voltage often saturates for water droplets with diameter equal to or greater than ∼ 80 µm. The upper limit of the directly measured particle number concentration is ∼ 2 cm −3 (2×10 3 L −1 ), which is determined by the volume of the detection area of the instrument. In a cloud layer with a number concentration higher than this value, particle signal overlap and multiple scattering of light occur within the detection area, resulting in a counting loss, though a partial correction may be possible using the particle signal width data. The CPS is currently interfaced with either a Meisei RS-06G radiosonde or a Meisei RS-11G radiosonde that measures vertical profiles of temperature, relative humidity, height, pressure, and horizontal winds. Twenty-five test flights have been made between 2012 and 2015 at midlatitude and tropical sites. In this paper, results from four flights are discussed in detail. A simultaneous flight of two CPSs with different instrumental configurations confirmed the robustness of the technique. At a midlatitude site, a profile containing, from low to high altitude, water clouds, mixed-phase clouds, and ice clouds was successfully obtained. In the tropics, vertically thick cloud layers in the middle to upper troposphere and vertically thin cirrus layers in the upper troposphere were successfully detected in two separate flights. The data quality is much better at night, dusk, and dawn than during the daytime because strong sunlight affects the measurements of scattered light.

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“…In natural clouds, however, graupel has an extensive range of densities and its fall speed is closely related to ρ g , with higher density yielding larger fall speed for the same particle mass (Locatelli and Hobbs, ; Pruppacher and Klett, ; Mitchell and Heymsfield, ). Additionally, the observations from Suzuki et al () show that the shapes of graupel in different stages are different, indicating that graupel density will vary with time evolution. Such simplifications of graupel fall speed parameters in models could have significant effects on the graupel fall speed and its growth rate: for example, the collection efficiency and residence time inside clouds (Farley, ; Johnson et al , ), which would eventually result in different spatial distributions of hydrometeors and precipitation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Possible roles of fall speed parameters of different graupel densities on microphysics and electrification in an idealized thunderstorm

Ouyang

Yin

Xiao

et al. 2019

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

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Graupel is often parametrized as "medium-density" ice particles with a bulk density of 400 kg m −3 and corresponding fixed fall speed parameters in numerical models.In natural clouds, however, graupel has an extensive range of densities, and its fall speed is closely related to its density g . In this study, the possible responses of the microphysical and electrical structures of a simulated thunderstorm to varying g and its corresponding fall speed parameters were examined using the Advanced Research Weather and Forecasting Model (ARW-WRF) with an explicit charging and discharge lightning scheme. Six sensitivity tests were performed with different g and corresponding fall speed parameters. g ranges from 350-850 kg m −3 , to represent relatively low-(350, 450 kg m −3 ), medium-(550, 650 kg m −3 ), and high-(750, 850 kg m −3 ) density assumptions. In low-density cases, the ice water path (IWP) could be comparable with the liquid water path (LWP), while the LWP exceeds the contribution of the IWP to the total water path (TWP) in high-density cases. The results show that melting rates and precipitation were enhanced when g was increased from low to high values, resulting in a smaller size and lighter mean mass due to a shorter residence time and faster fall speed. Different assumptions about graupel density also resulted in different electrical structures in the simulated clouds.The clouds produced in the low-and medium-density cases are mainly charged with conventional tripole or positive dipole structures, while the ones formed in the high-density cases present "bottom-heavy" tripole structures. The upper positive regions become weaker, with reduced negative noninductive charging rates, as graupel falls faster and less graupel is negatively charged at higher altitude. It is also found that a faster fall speed of graupel does not necessarily mean stronger flash density, although lightning activities are correlated with higher fall speed. K E Y W O R D S electrification, graupel fall speed parameters, melting, riming Q J R Meteorol Soc. 2019;145:2404-2424.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/qj

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Graupel in the different developing stages of Baiu monsoon clouds observed by videosondes

Cited by 14 publications

References 27 publications

Ground Validation of GPM DPR Precipitation Type Classification Algorithm by Precipitation Particle Measurements in Winter

Ground Validation of GPM DPR Precipitation Type Classification Algorithm by Precipitation Particle Measurements in Winter

Development of a cloud particle sensor for radiosonde sounding

Possible roles of fall speed parameters of different graupel densities on microphysics and electrification in an idealized thunderstorm

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