Gratuitous graphics? Putting preferences in perspective

Levy, Ellen; Zacks, Jeff; Tversky, Barbara; Schiano, Diane J.

doi:10.1145/238386.238400

Cited by 38 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Three-dimensional displays are a new case in point. They seem to be everywhere, or at least in software packages, and they do seem to be liked (Carswell, Frankenberger & Bernhard, 1991;Levy, Zacks, Tversky & Schiano, 1996). However, it is simply not clear if 3D displays improve performance, speed, accuracy or memory for data (Carswell et al, 1991;Spence & Lewandowsky, 1991;Levy et al, 1996).…”

Section: Graphics Good and Not So Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They seem to be everywhere, or at least in software packages, and they do seem to be liked (Carswell, Frankenberger & Bernhard, 1991;Levy, Zacks, Tversky & Schiano, 1996). However, it is simply not clear if 3D displays improve performance, speed, accuracy or memory for data (Carswell et al, 1991;Spence & Lewandowsky, 1991;Levy et al, 1996). In some tasks, for example, memory, there is little difference between 3D and 2D displays; in other tasks, for example, estimation, there is a disadvantage to 3D displays (Zacks, Levy, Tversky & Schiano, 1998).…”

Section: Graphics Good and Not So Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Animation: can it facilitate?

Tversky¹,

Morrison²,

Bétrancourt³

2002

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

Self Cite

1,305

932

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Graphics have been used since ancient times to portray things that are inherently spatiovisual, like maps and building plans. More recently, graphics have been used to Portray things that are metaphorically spatiovisual, like graphs and organizational charts. The assumption is that graphics can facilitate comprehension, learning, memory, communication and inference. Assumptions aside, research on static graphics has shown that only carefully designed and appropriate graphics prove to be beneficial for conveying complex systems. Effective graphics conform to the Congruence Principle according to which the content and format of the graphic should correspond to the content and format of the concepts to be conveyed. From this, it follows that animated graphics should be effective in portraying change over time. Yet the research on the efficacy of animated over static graphics is not encouraging. In cases where animated graphics seem superior to static ones, scrutiny reveals lack of equivalence between animated and static graphics in content or procedures; the animated graphics convey more information or involve interactivity. Animations of events may be ineffective because animations violate the second principle of good graphics, the Apprehension Principle, according to which graphics should be accurately perceived and appropriately conceived. Animations are often too complex or too fast to be accurately perceived. Moreover, many continuous events are conceived of as sequences of discrete steps. Judicious use of interactivity may overcome both these disadvantages. Animations may be more effective than comparable static graphics in situations other than conveying complex systems, for example, for real time reorientations in time and space. #

show abstract

Section: Graphics Good and Not So Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Graphics Good and Not So Goodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Animation: can it facilitate?

Tversky¹,

Morrison²,

Bétrancourt³

2002

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

Self Cite

1,305

932

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This finding is not surprising given that standard written natural language is more amenable to graphical manipulation, while spoken natural language can only be manipulated auditorily (Bernsen, 1994;Negroponte, 1996). Certain functions can be performed with written text which are not possible with spoken language (Levy et al, 1996). The textuality of electronic mail was found convenient in cases where senders have low voices or heavy accents.…”

Section: The Medium's Communication Modementioning

confidence: 99%

“…We find only partial support for MRT. In the absence of conclusive evidence in support of MRT, we examine alternative explanations for individuals' preferences (Grudin, 1988;Bernsen, 1994;Negroponte, 1995;Levy, Zacks, Tversky & Schiano, 1996), and consider the implications of our findings for future theory and empirical research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The poverty of media richness theory: explaining people's choice of electronic mail vs. voice mail

El-Shinnawy¹,

Markus²

1997

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

142

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…While one study found a relation between a high data-ink ratio and faster response times as well as greater accuracy under specific conditions [Gillan and Richman, 1994], others could not confirm these results [Spence, 1990;Blasio and Bisantz, 2002;Kulla-Mader, 2007;Moere et al, 2012]. Other studies revealed that participants seemed to prefer non-minimalist graphs [Levy et al, 1996;Inbar et al, 2007], e.g., for showing information to others. They also found that adding "visual difficulties" might enhance comprehension of the data [Hullman et al, 2011;Borgo et al, 2012].…”

Section: Perception and Data Representationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Potential of Physical Visualizations

Stusak¹

2015

Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The goal of an external representation of abstract data is to provide insights and convey information about the structure of the underlying data, therefore helping people execute tasks and solve problems more effectively. Apart from the popular and well-studied digital visualization of abstract data there are other scarcely studied perceptual channels to represent data such as taste, sound or haptic. My thesis focuses on the latter and explores in which ways human knowledge and ability to sense and interact with the physical non-digital world can be used to enhance the way in which people analyze and explore abstract data. Emerging technological progress in digital fabrication allow an easy, fast and inexpensive production of physical objects. Machines such as laser cutters and 3D printers enable an accurate fabrication of physical visualizations with different form factors as well as materials. This creates, for the first time, the opportunity to study the potential of physical visualizations in a broad range.The thesis starts with the description of six prototypes of physical visualizations from static examples to digitally augmented variations to interactive artifacts. Based on these explorations, three promising areas of potential for physical visualizations were identified and investigated in more detail: perception & memorability, communication & collaboration, and motivation & self-reflection.The results of two studies in the area of information recall showed that participants who used a physical bar chart retained more information compared to the digital counterpart. Particularly facts about maximum and minimum values were be remembered more efficiently, when they were perceived from a physical visualization.Two explorative studies dealt with the potential of physical visualizations regarding communication and collaboration. The observations revealed the importance on the design and aesthetic of physical visualizations and indicated a great potential for their utilization by audiences with less interest in technology. The results also exposed the current limitations of physical visualizations, especially in contrast to their well-researched digital counterparts.In the area of motivation we present the design and evaluation of the Activity Sculptures project. We conducted a field study, in which we investigated physical visualizations of personal running activity. It was discovered that these sculptures generated curiosity and experimentation regarding the personal running behavior as well as evoked social dynamics such as discussions and competition.Based on the findings of the aforementioned studies this thesis concludes with two theoretical contributions on the design and potential of physical visualizations. On the one hand, it proposes a conceptual framework for material representations of personal data by describing a production and consumption lens. The goal is to encourage artists and designers working in the field of personal informatics to harness the interactive capabilities af...

show abstract

Gratuitous graphics? Putting preferences in perspective

Cited by 38 publications

References 9 publications

Animation: can it facilitate?

Animation: can it facilitate?

The poverty of media richness theory: explaining people's choice of electronic mail vs. voice mail

Exploring the Potential of Physical Visualizations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About