Grating couplers as integrated optical humidity and gas sensors

Tiefenthaler, K.; Lukosz, W.

doi:10.1016/0040-6090(85)90312-8

Cited by 68 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Such phenomena bring about the change of effective refractive indexes of the modes propagating in the structure, which can be measured with the use of interferometers or grating couplers [5]. Grating couplers as sensor elements were for the first time applied by the research team of Lukosz [6][7][8][9]. The application of grating couplers for sensor purposes was also thoroughly investigated by Kuntz et al [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Karasiński

2007

Opto-Electronics Review

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The paper presents the results of theoretical analysis as well as the results of experimental research involving planar sensor structures with input grating couplers of the period Λ = 800 nm. In the theoretical part of the paper we discussed the influence of the parameters of a sensor structure on it sensitivities. The experimental part of the work presents the results of experimental research involving the influence of refractive index of the cover on the coupling characteristics of sensor structures with grating couplers. The full widths at half maximum (FWHM) were from 0.023° to 0.029°. For the investigated structures we estimated detection thresholds for the changes of refractive index of the cover and the changes of sensitive film thickness. It has been demonstrated that by the application of the elaborated structures we can detect minimal changes of the refractive index (Δnc)min = 2.1×10−6 when the refractive index of the cover nc = 1.333 and (Δnc)min = 1.0×10−6 when nc = 1515. For sensitive films of the thickness w < 100 nm, by using the elaborated structures, we can detect mean changes of the thickness along the values lower than 10−3 nm.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Karasiński

2007

Opto-Electronics Review

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“…Evolution of an adsorbed water layer structure on silicon oxide at room temperature has been demonstrated in [25]. Tiefenthaler and Lukosz [26] have shown that adsorption and desorption of water vapor by the surface of a waveguide changes the effective refractive index (RI) of the guided modes, in their case for a humidity sensor based on an integrated optical grating coupler. In the case of a PCFI a similar adsorption and desorption of water vapor changes the effective refractive index of the interfering cladding mode propagating in the PCF.…”

Section: Dew Sensing Principlementioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic crystal fiber interferometer for dew detection

Mathew¹,

Semenova²,

Rajan³

et al. 2011

SPIE Proceedings

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Abstract-A novel method for dew detection based on photonic crystal fiber (PCF) interferometer that operates in reflection mode is presented in this paper. The fabrication of the sensor head is simple since it only involves cleaving and fusion splicing. The sensor shows good sensitivity to dew formation with a large wavelength peak shift of the interference pattern at the onset of dew formation. The device's response to ambient humidity and temperature are also studied and reported in this paper. From our experiment it is also concluded that by attaching a thermoelectric cooler with temperature feedback, the sensor head demonstrated can be used as a miniature dew point hygrometer.Index Terms-Dew sensor, humidity measurement, modal interferometer, optical fiber devices, photonics crystal fiber.

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“…Therefore they can be applied to determine the absolute value of the refractive index of the uniform cover or to determine the thickness and the refractive index of the sensitive film. Grating couplers as sensor ele− ments were for the first time applied by the research team led by Lukosz [11,12]. The application of grating couplers for sensor application has been also intensively investigated by Kuntz et al [13][14][15], and by Vörös, Szendrö, and Horváth [16,17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The said effects bring about the change of effective refractive in− dexes of modes propagating in the structure. The changes of effective refractive indexes can be measured by the applica− tion of the interferometers of Mach−Zehnder [4,5], Young [6,7] and with a polarimeter [1,[8][9][10] or grating couplers [3,[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. In chemical and biochemical measurements, surface plasmon resonance sensors are also applied [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

Karasiński

2011

Opto-Electronics Review

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The paper presents input grating couplers to be applied in planar evanescent wave sensors. Waveguide films SiO2:TiO2 were obtained using the sol-gel method, and grating couplers with a groove density of 1000 g/mm and 2400 g/mm were produced using the method of master grating embossing in sol film. The influence of refractive index of the cover on incoupling angles was presented. Basing on the experimental results, detection limits involving the changes of effective indexes and refractive indexes of the cover for the investigated planar structures were determined. Sensor structures with the couplers having a groove density of 1000 g/mm enable to detect minimum changes of the effective index below 3.3×10−7 and to detect minimum changes of refractive index of the cover below 2.3×10−6. Detection limits for the structures with couplers having the groove density of 2400 g/mm are over twofold higher.

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Grating couplers as integrated optical humidity and gas sensors

Cited by 68 publications

References 3 publications

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Sensor properties of planar waveguide structures with grating couplers

Photonic crystal fiber interferometer for dew detection

Embossable grating couplers for planar evanescent wave sensors

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