Grating-assisted coupling of optical fibers and photonic crystal waveguides

Kuang, Wan; Kim, Cheolwoo; Stapleton, Andrew; O’Brien, John D.

doi:10.1364/ol.27.001604

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 9 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Therefore, the coupling efficiency predicted by this new structure is comparable with the better ones reported in the literature; Spuhler et al [15] proposed an inverse designed waveguide to fiber coupler with an efficiency improvement of 2 dB per converter. References [16]- [18] report different tapered waveguide couplers that exceed a predicted coupling efficiency of 90%. Finally, the J-coupler proposed by Prater et al [19] predicted a coupling efficiency of 91%.…”

Section: B Pc Waveguide Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse design of photonic crystal devices

Håkansson

Sánchez‐Dehesa

Sánchis

2005

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract-This paper deals with the inverse design in the field of photonic crystal (PC)-based devices. Here, an inverse method containing a fast and accurate simulation method integrated with a competent optimization method is presented. Two designs yielded from this conjunction of multiple scattering theory with a genetic algorithm are analyzed. The potential of this approach is illustrated by designing a lens that has a very low F-number (F = 0 47) and a conversion ratio of 11:1. We have also designed a coupler device that introduces the light from an optical fiber into a PC-based waveguide with a predicted coupling efficiency that exceeds 87%.Index Terms-Genetic algorithm (GA), inverse design (ID), multiple scattering theory, optical fiber, photonic crystals (PCs), photonic devices, PC waveguide, spot-size converter.

show abstract

Section: B Pc Waveguide Couplermentioning

confidence: 99%

Inverse design of photonic crystal devices

Håkansson

Sánchez‐Dehesa

Sánchis

2005

IEEE J. Select. Areas Commun.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…26, in which a numerical analysis was presented with a parallelized finitedifference time-domain (FDTD) solver. In this paper we design a PC waveguide for efficient fiber taper coupling using an approximate coupled-mode theory in combination with FDTD simulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of photonic crystal waveguides for evanescent coupling to optical fiber tapers and integration with high-Q cavities

2003

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe a novel scheme based on evanescent guided-wave coupling for optically interfacing between conventional fiber-optic and planar photonic crystal devices such as waveguides and resonant cavities. By considering the band structure of bulk photonic crystal slabs, we analyze the k space properties of a linear defect waveguide and establish a set of design rules to ensure efficient evanescent coupling with optical fiber tapers. These rules are used to design a waveguide in a square-lattice photonic crystal. The coupling efficiency is calculated with a coupled-mode theory incorporating the finite-difference time-domain-calculated uncoupled modes of the fiber taper and photonic crystal waveguide. On the basis of this coupled-mode theory, 95% power transfer from the fiber taper to the photonic crystal waveguide is possible over a coupling length of 80 lattice periods and with a bandwidth of 1.5% of the center wavelength. The integration of this waveguide with a photonic crystal defect resonant cavity is also presented, thus showing the usefulness of the combined fiber taper and photonic crystal waveguide system for efficient, optical fiber-based probing of optical elements based on planar photonic crystal technologies.

show abstract

“…4 In this letter, we demonstrate that by using the dispersive properties inherent to planar PCs, one may evanescently couple light in an efficient manner from silica optical fiber tapers, into a high-index contrast planar PC waveguide. [7][8][9] Efficient contradirectional coupling is obtained to a photonic crystal waveguide ͑PCWG͒ mode designed for integration with a recently demonstrated high-Q PC cavity, 1 and by utilizing the micron-scale lateral size and dispersion of the fiber taper this coupling technique is shown to be useful for mapping the band structure and spatial profile of PCWG modes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing the dispersive and spatial properties of photonic crystal waveguides via highly efficient coupling from fiber tapers

Barclay

Srinivasan

Borselli

et al. 2004

Applied Physics Letters

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The demonstration of an optical fiber based probe for efficiently exciting the waveguide modes of high-index contrast planar photonic crystal ͑PC͒ slabs is presented. Fiber taper waveguides formed from standard silica single-mode optical fibers are used to evanescently couple light into the guided modes of a patterned silicon membrane. A coupling efficiency of ϳ95% is obtained between the fiber taper and a PC waveguide mode suitably designed for integration with a previously studied ultrasmall mode volume high-Q PC resonant cavity [Srinivasan et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 83, 1915]. The micron-scale lateral extent and dispersion of the fiber taper is used as a near-field spatial and spectral probe to study the profile and dispersion of PC waveguide modes. While several initial applications of planar photonic crystals ͑PCs͒ 2 have been demonstrated, such as extremely small lasers 1 and micro-optical add-drop filters, 3 a significant barrier to further development of useful PC devices has been the difficulty in coupling light into and out of the PC. The small mode profiles, a result of the high refractive index of semiconductor materials from which high-index contrast PCs are typically created, and the complex optical phase within periodic structures make it difficult to use conventional coupling methods from optical fibers or free-space beams. 4 In this letter, we demonstrate that by using the dispersive properties inherent to planar PCs, one may evanescently couple light in an efficient manner from silica optical fiber tapers, into a high-index contrast planar PC waveguide. 7-9 Efficient contradirectional coupling is obtained to a photonic crystal waveguide ͑PCWG͒ mode designed for integration with a recently demonstrated high-Q PC cavity, 1 and by utilizing the micron-scale lateral size and dispersion of the fiber taper this coupling technique is shown to be useful for mapping the band structure and spatial profile of PCWG modes.The optical coupling scheme used in this work is shown schematically in Figs. 1(a) and 1(b). An optical fiber taper, formed by heating and stretching a standard single-mode silica fiber, is placed above and parallel to a PCWG. The fiber diameter changes continuously along the length of the fiber taper, reaching a minimum diameter on the order of the wavelength of light. Light that is initially launched into the core-guided fundamental mode of the optical fiber is adiabatically converted in the taper region of the fiber into the fundamental air-guided mode, allowing the evanescent tail of the optical field to interact with the PCWG; coupling occurs to phase-matched PCWG modes which share a similar momentum component down the waveguide at the frequency of interest. In order to probe the planar PC chip, the fiber taper is mounted in a "u"-shaped configuration such that it forms an ϳ10 mm straight segment at its midsection [ Fig. 1(a)]. The mounted fiber taper is then placed on a vertical axis stage driven by a dc motor with 50 nm encoder resolution, allowing the taper to be accurately position...

show abstract

Grating-assisted coupling of optical fibers and photonic crystal waveguides

Cited by 37 publications

References 9 publications

Inverse design of photonic crystal devices

Inverse design of photonic crystal devices

Design of photonic crystal waveguides for evanescent coupling to optical fiber tapers and integration with high-Q cavities

Probing the dispersive and spatial properties of photonic crystal waveguides via highly efficient coupling from fiber tapers

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About